{ "version": "19.0.0", "generated": "2026-08-24", "hypothesisRows": [ { "id": "hypothesis-01", "claim": "Terru = Terah", "coordinate": "c. 1800–1750 BCE", "range": "Terah not independently datable", "role": "Non-controlling project hypothesis", "survives": "Middle Bronze patriarchal setting and later chronology" }, { "id": "hypothesis-02", "claim": "Amraphel = Hammurabi", "coordinate": "c. 1760 BCE", "range": "Old Babylonian horizon", "role": "Non-controlling project hypothesis", "survives": "Genesis 14 contextual comparison" }, { "id": "hypothesis-03", "claim": "Joseph under a Hyksos ruler", "coordinate": "c. 1630–1600 BCE", "range": "Hyksos/eastern-Delta context c. 1650–1550 BCE", "role": "Contextual model", "survives": "Joseph tradition and alternative Egyptian settings" }, { "id": "hypothesis-04", "claim": "Horemheb oppression connection", "coordinate": "c. 1320–1292 BCE", "range": "Documented post-Amarna restoration", "role": "Context only; no causal identification", "survives": "Ramesside Exodus model" }, { "id": "hypothesis-05", "claim": "Moses life coordinates", "coordinate": "c. 1320 / 1285 / 1250 BCE", "range": "Broad pre-Exodus generation", "role": "Representative coordinates", "survives": "Relative life sequence" }, { "id": "hypothesis-06", "claim": "Ramesside Exodus", "coordinate": "c. 1250 BCE", "range": "Preferred c. 1270–1230 BCE", "role": "Adopted historical reconstruction", "survives": "Israel in Canaan by 1208 BCE and mixed ethnogenesis models" }, { "id": "hypothesis-07", "claim": "Joshua settlement sequence", "coordinate": "c. 1215–1195 BCE", "range": "Late Bronze–Iron I transition", "role": "Phased coalition and settlement model", "survives": "Highland settlement and Israelite ethnogenesis" }, { "id": "hypothesis-08", "claim": "Herod dies in 1 BCE", "coordinate": "1 BCE", "range": "4 or 1 BCE", "role": "Minority project chronology", "survives": "Herod’s reign and a broader nativity range" }, { "id": "hypothesis-09", "claim": "September 11, 3 BCE birth", "coordinate": "September 11, 3 BCE", "range": "Broadly c. 6–2 BCE", "role": "Astronomical-theological hypothesis", "survives": "Historical birth before Herod" }, { "id": "hypothesis-10", "claim": "Crucifixion in 30 CE", "coordinate": "April 7, 30 CE", "range": "30 or 33 CE", "role": "Preferred but non-exclusive", "survives": "Friday crucifixion and Sunday discovery" } ], "assumptions": [ { "id": "terru-is-terah", "label": "Terru of Urkesh was Terah", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "identity proposal", "description": "The historical Terru attested at Urkesh is identified with Abraham’s father Terah.", "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "terru-terah", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [ { "from": "terru-is-terah", "to": "abraham-call-date", "type": "depends" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Terru of Urkesh = Terah — Adopted Identification", "coordinate": "c. 1800–1750 BCE", "historicalRange": "Broad 18th-century BCE Urkesh context; Terah himself is not independently datable.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "The Old Babylonian setting of northern Mesopotamia remains documented", "The Terru = Terah identification is a load-bearing adopted synchronism within the project’s specific patriarchal reconstruction; objections are tracked as objections rather than substituted for the project conclusion", "Later Joseph and Exodus models do not logically require the Terru equation" ], "alternatives": [ "Terah remains historically unidentified", "The patriarchal traditions cannot be absolutely dated", "Terru is only a contextual contemporary" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "amraphel-is-hammurabi", "label": "Amraphel was Hammurabi", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "identity proposal", "description": "Amraphel king of Shinar is identified with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "amraphel-hammurabi", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 0, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Genesis 14 in the Age of Hammurabi", "coordinate": "c. 1760 BCE", "historicalRange": "Old Babylonian period, broadly 19th–18th centuries BCE; Amraphel remains unidentified.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Genesis 14 may still reflect authentic knowledge of an Old Babylonian-style geopolitical world", "Abraham may remain broadly located in a Middle Bronze horizon", "The later Joseph chronology does not require the equation" ], "alternatives": [ "Amraphel is an unidentified Mesopotamian ruler", "Genesis 14 is a later literary construction using archaizing geography", "The episode preserves composite historical memories" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "abraham-call-date", "label": "Abraham’s call occurred in the project’s Old Babylonian window", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "date interval", "description": "The project places Abraham’s migration in the later eighteenth century BCE.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "terru-is-terah", "label": "Terru of Urkesh was Terah", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "identity proposal" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "terru-is-terah", "to": "abraham-call-date", "type": "depends" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "joseph-hyksos", "label": "Joseph served under a Hyksos ruler", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical setting", "description": "Joseph’s promotion and Jacob’s settlement are placed within Hyksos rule in the eastern Delta.", "confidence": "contextual", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "joseph-hyksos", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [ { "from": "joseph-hyksos", "to": "joseph-date-hyksos", "type": "implies" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh", "coordinate": "c. 1630–1600 BCE", "historicalRange": "Hyksos/eastern-Delta context, broadly c. 1650–1550 BCE; Joseph’s individual date is not independently recoverable.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "The eastern-Delta setting remains historically relevant", "The Joseph tradition may be placed in another Egyptian period", "The Ramesside Exodus model can survive without a Hyksos Joseph" ], "alternatives": [ "Joseph in another Egyptian period", "A literary memory combining several Egyptian settings", "No recoverable historical Joseph chronology" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "zannanza-oppression", "label": "The Zannanza and post-Amarna crisis triggered oppression", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical reconstruction", "description": "The failed Hittite marriage diplomacy and subsequent military-security crisis form the proposed trigger for oppression.", "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "horemheb-oppression", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "coordinate": "c. 1319–1292 BCE · restoration context", "historicalRange": "Horemheb’s reign is historically controlled; Moses’s flight within that reign is not independently dated.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Horemheb’s reign and reforms remain historical", "Moses’s flight may be placed under another ruler" ], "alternatives": [ "Flight under Seti I", "Flight under another late-Eighteenth-Dynasty ruler", "Undated narrative" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" } ] }, { "id": "exodus-late", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1254 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval", "description": "Late Ramesside Exodus chronology used by the project.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "exodus", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [ { "from": "exodus-late", "to": "entry-late", "type": "derives" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "The Exodus under Ramesses II", "coordinate": "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate", "historicalRange": "No independent absolute year for the Exodus; c. 1254 BCE is the adopted Ramesside project coordinate.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "The eastern-Delta Ramesside context remains", "A broader Ramesside Exodus model remains possible", "Israel’s presence in Canaan by 1208 BCE remains secure" ], "alternatives": [ "Ramesside departure at another point in the reign", "Smaller Egyptian-origin group", "Multiple departure memories", "Predominantly indigenous emergence with an Egyptian component" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" } ] }, { "id": "rameses-contemporary", "label": "The Rameses place-name is contemporary", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual-historical interpretation", "description": "Exodus refers to a genuinely Ramesside place-name rather than a later editorial update.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date", "description": "The project’s exact-date model identifies September 11, 3 BCE as the birthday.", "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "birth-jesus", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "magi-visit-project", "label": "Project Magi-visit window", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval" } ], "ruleCount": 9, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "magi-visit-project", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "herod-death-1", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "supports-model", "when": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1" } ], "outgoing": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "rev12-calendrical", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "tishri1-identification", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "royal-star-sequence", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "type": "enables" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Birth of Jesus", "coordinate": "September 11, 3 BCE · project astronomical hypothesis", "historicalRange": "Broadly c. 6–2 BCE, depending chiefly on Herod’s death chronology", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Yeshua’s historical birth before Herod remains", "The ministry and crucifixion chronology can be reconstructed independently", "A broad 6–2 BCE birth range remains" ], "alternatives": [ "c. 6–4 BCE under the conventional Herodian chronology", "c. 3–2 BCE under the minority late-Herod chronology", "Exact date unrecoverable" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "revelation-12", "title": "revelation-12", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "herod-death-1", "label": "Herod died in the minority 1 BCE interval", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Minority interval for Herod’s death before Passover in 1 BCE.", "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "herod-death", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date" }, { "id": "return-project", "label": "Project return window", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval" }, { "id": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "label": "The proposed birthday is evidence that Herod died in 1 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "circular inference" } ], "ruleCount": 6, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "return-project", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "supports" } ], "outgoing": [ { "from": "herod-death-1", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "supports-model", "when": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Death of Herod the Great", "coordinate": "1 BCE project model · 4 BCE conventional", "historicalRange": "4 BCE is the conventional majority date; 1 BCE remains the project’s defended minority alternative.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Herod’s historical death and succession remain", "A 4 BCE death yields a broader 6–4 BCE nativity range", "Crucifixion chronology is unaffected" ], "alternatives": [ "4 BCE majority chronology", "1 BCE minority chronology" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" } ] }, { "id": "rev12-calendrical", "label": "Revelation 12 contains a calendrical birth layer", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "The celestial imagery is interpreted as more than symbolic and is used in an exact-date reconstruction.", "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "rev12-calendrical", "type": "depends" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "revelation-12", "title": "revelation-12", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" } ] }, { "id": "tishri1-identification", "label": "The evening corresponds to the beginning of Tishri 1", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "calendar inference", "description": "The modeled crescent visibility is used to identify the relevant Jewish month boundary.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "tishri1-identification", "type": "depends" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "royal-star-sequence", "label": "The 3–2 BCE Jupiter sequence is the relevant Magi sign", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "astronomical interpretation", "description": "The Jupiter–Regulus and Jupiter–Venus sequence is linked to the Magi narrative.", "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "royal-star-sequence", "type": "depends" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" } ] }, { "id": "exodus-early", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1446 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval", "description": "Early Exodus chronology derived from a substantially literal reading of 1 Kings 6:1.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "exodus", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 4, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [ { "from": "exodus-early", "to": "entry-early", "type": "derives" } ] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "The Exodus under Ramesses II", "coordinate": "c. 1254 BCE · adopted project coordinate", "historicalRange": "No independent absolute year for the Exodus; c. 1254 BCE is the adopted Ramesside project coordinate.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "The eastern-Delta Ramesside context remains", "A broader Ramesside Exodus model remains possible", "Israel’s presence in Canaan by 1208 BCE remains secure" ], "alternatives": [ "Ramesside departure at another point in the reign", "Smaller Egyptian-origin group", "Multiple departure memories", "Predominantly indigenous emergence with an Egyptian component" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "entry-late", "label": "Entry into Canaan under the late model", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Derived forty-year offset from the late Exodus date.", "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "eventId": "jericho-campaign", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "exodus-late", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1254 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "exodus-late", "to": "entry-late", "type": "derives" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "coordinate": "c. 1214–1210 BCE · early settlement phase", "historicalRange": "Late Bronze–Iron I transition; the exact c. 1214–1208 BCE placement is model-derived.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Highland settlement expansion and early Israelite consolidation remain", "The Merneptah anchor remains", "Joshua may preserve memory without a uniform conquest" ], "alternatives": [ "Gradual settlement", "Peasant or pastoral reorganization", "Mixed migration/local-development models", "Localized campaigns later unified literarily" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "entry-early", "label": "Entry into Canaan under the early model", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Derived forty-year offset from the early Exodus date.", "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "eventId": "jericho-campaign", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [ { "id": "exodus-early", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1446 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval" } ], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [ { "from": "exodus-early", "to": "entry-early", "type": "derives" } ], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "coordinate": "c. 1214–1210 BCE · early settlement phase", "historicalRange": "Late Bronze–Iron I transition; the exact c. 1214–1208 BCE placement is model-derived.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Highland settlement expansion and early Israelite consolidation remain", "The Merneptah anchor remains", "Joshua may preserve memory without a uniform conquest" ], "alternatives": [ "Gradual settlement", "Peasant or pastoral reorganization", "Mixed migration/local-development models", "Localized campaigns later unified literarily" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "herod-death-4", "label": "Herod died in the conventional 4 BCE interval", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Conventional interval for Herod’s death before Passover in 4 BCE.", "confidence": "conventional", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "herod-death", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 3, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Death of Herod the Great", "coordinate": "1 BCE project model · 4 BCE conventional", "historicalRange": "4 BCE is the conventional majority date; 1 BCE remains the project’s defended minority alternative.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Herod’s historical death and succession remain", "A 4 BCE death yields a broader 6–4 BCE nativity range", "Crucifixion chronology is unaffected" ], "alternatives": [ "4 BCE majority chronology", "1 BCE minority chronology" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "birth-conventional", "label": "Jesus was born within the conventional 6–4 BCE range", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "A broad birth interval preceding the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "confidence": "conventional", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "birth-jesus", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 3, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Birth of Jesus", "coordinate": "September 11, 3 BCE · project astronomical hypothesis", "historicalRange": "Broadly c. 6–2 BCE, depending chiefly on Herod’s death chronology", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Yeshua’s historical birth before Herod remains", "The ministry and crucifixion chronology can be reconstructed independently", "A broad 6–2 BCE birth range remains" ], "alternatives": [ "c. 6–4 BCE under the conventional Herodian chronology", "c. 3–2 BCE under the minority late-Herod chronology", "Exact date unrecoverable" ], "nonControlling": true }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-30", "label": "Jesus was crucified in 30 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "One major crucifixion chronology.", "confidence": "major-option", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "crucifixion", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Crucifixion and Resurrection", "coordinate": "April 7, 30 CE preferred · April 3, 33 CE co-primary", "historicalRange": "Friday, April 7, 30 CE preferred by the project; Friday, April 3, 33 CE remains the co-primary alternative.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Friday crucifixion, Saturday Sabbath, and Sunday discovery remain", "The historical crucifixion under Pilate remains", "Rejecting 30 CE leaves 33 CE fully viable" ], "alternatives": [ "April 7, 30 CE", "April 3, 33 CE" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-33", "label": "Jesus was crucified in 33 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "The other principal crucifixion chronology.", "confidence": "major-option", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "crucifixion", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": { "title": "Crucifixion and Resurrection", "coordinate": "April 7, 30 CE preferred · April 3, 33 CE co-primary", "historicalRange": "Friday, April 7, 30 CE preferred by the project; Friday, April 3, 33 CE remains the co-primary alternative.", "survivesIfRejected": [ "Friday crucifixion, Saturday Sabbath, and Sunday discovery remain", "The historical crucifixion under Pilate remains", "Rejecting 30 CE leaves 33 CE fully viable" ], "alternatives": [ "April 7, 30 CE", "April 3, 33 CE" ], "nonControlling": false }, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "rameses-editorial", "label": "The Rameses place-name is a later editorial update", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "A later scribe updated an older place-name to Rameses for readers.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "long-sojourn", "label": "The Egyptian sojourn lasted roughly four centuries", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "The sojourn chronology is treated as approximately four centuries.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 1, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "wilderness-forty", "label": "The wilderness period lasted forty years", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "duration claim", "description": "The wilderness interval is treated as forty elapsed years.", "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 0, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "merneptah-israel", "label": "Israel was present in Canaan by the Merneptah Stela", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical anchor", "description": "The Merneptah Stela places a people called Israel in Canaan by the late thirteenth century BCE.", "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "highland-growth", "label": "Major highland settlement growth belongs near 1200 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "archaeological pattern", "description": "The clearest demographic expansion in the central highlands clusters near the Bronze–Iron transition.", "confidence": "strong-context", "repairCost": 3, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 0, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "ministry-28", "label": "Jesus’s ministry began in 28–29 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Teaching interval based on one reckoning of Tiberius’s fifteenth year.", "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 4, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "about-thirty", "label": "Jesus was about thirty at ministry start", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "age constraint", "description": "Luke’s approximate age statement allows a bounded range rather than an exact thirtieth birthday.", "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 4, "eventId": "", "baselineModelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "downstream": [], "ruleCount": 2, "relations": { "incoming": [], "outgoing": [] }, "eventImpact": null, "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] } ], "formalClaims": [ { "id": "terru-is-terah", "label": "Terru of Urkesh was Terah", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "identity proposal", "description": "The historical Terru attested at Urkesh is identified with Abraham’s father Terah.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "terru-terah", "outgoing": [ { "from": "terru-is-terah", "to": "abraham-call-date", "type": "depends" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "terru-before-abraham", "title": "Terru must precede or overlap Abraham’s call", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "major", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The identity proposal requires Terru’s active interval to precede or overlap Abraham’s departure window.", "claims": [ "terru-is-terah", "terru-active", "abraham-call-date" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "amraphel-is-hammurabi", "label": "Amraphel was Hammurabi", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "identity proposal", "description": "Amraphel king of Shinar is identified with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "amraphel-hammurabi", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "terru-active", "label": "Terru was active in the Old Babylonian period", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "date interval", "description": "Teaching interval for Terru’s documented activity.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1779-01-01", "end": "-1759-12-31", "label": "c. 1780–1760 BCE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "terru-before-abraham", "title": "Terru must precede or overlap Abraham’s call", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "major", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The identity proposal requires Terru’s active interval to precede or overlap Abraham’s departure window.", "claims": [ "terru-is-terah", "terru-active", "abraham-call-date" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" } ] }, { "id": "abraham-call-date", "label": "Abraham’s call occurred in the project’s Old Babylonian window", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "date interval", "description": "The project places Abraham’s migration in the later eighteenth century BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "date": { "start": "-1774-01-01", "end": "-1759-12-31", "label": "c. 1775–1760 BCE" }, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "terru-is-terah", "to": "abraham-call-date", "type": "depends" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "terru-before-abraham", "title": "Terru must precede or overlap Abraham’s call", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "major", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The identity proposal requires Terru’s active interval to precede or overlap Abraham’s departure window.", "claims": [ "terru-is-terah", "terru-active", "abraham-call-date" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "joseph-hyksos", "label": "Joseph served under a Hyksos ruler", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical setting", "description": "Joseph’s promotion and Jacob’s settlement are placed within Hyksos rule in the eastern Delta.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "contextual", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "joseph-hyksos", "outgoing": [ { "from": "joseph-hyksos", "to": "joseph-date-hyksos", "type": "implies" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-joseph-setting", "title": "Two Joseph settings selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The same Joseph model cannot simultaneously be assigned to the Hyksos and an explicitly earlier setting.", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "joseph-earlier-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "hyksos-long-early", "title": "Hyksos Joseph and four-century sojourn conflict with 1446 BCE", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "all-accepted", "message": "The selected Hyksos Joseph window leaves far less than four centuries before an early Exodus.", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "long-sojourn", "exodus-early" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "luke-3" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "joseph-earlier-egypt", "label": "Joseph belonged to an earlier Egyptian setting", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "alternative setting", "description": "Joseph is placed before Hyksos rule in a Middle Kingdom or earlier Second Intermediate setting.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-joseph-setting", "title": "Two Joseph settings selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The same Joseph model cannot simultaneously be assigned to the Hyksos and an explicitly earlier setting.", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "joseph-earlier-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "joseph-date-hyksos", "label": "Joseph’s project date", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval", "description": "Teaching interval used for the Hyksos Joseph model.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "date": { "start": "-1629-01-01", "end": "-1599-12-31", "label": "c. 1630–1600 BCE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "joseph-hyksos", "to": "joseph-date-hyksos", "type": "implies" } ], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "long-sojourn", "label": "The Egyptian sojourn lasted roughly four centuries", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "The sojourn chronology is treated as approximately four centuries.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-3" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "hyksos-long-early", "title": "Hyksos Joseph and four-century sojourn conflict with 1446 BCE", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "all-accepted", "message": "The selected Hyksos Joseph window leaves far less than four centuries before an early Exodus.", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "long-sojourn", "exodus-early" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "luke-3" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "zannanza-oppression", "label": "The Zannanza and post-Amarna crisis triggered oppression", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical reconstruction", "description": "The failed Hittite marriage diplomacy and subsequent military-security crisis form the proposed trigger for oppression.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "-1334-01-01", "end": "-1319-12-31", "label": "c. 1335–1320 BCE" }, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "horemheb-oppression", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "zannanza-before-early", "title": "Oppression trigger occurs after the early Exodus", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The proposed Zannanza/post-Amarna trigger must precede the Exodus it is meant to explain.", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-early" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] }, { "id": "zannanza-before-late", "title": "Oppression trigger precedes the late Exodus", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The proposed oppression trigger precedes the late Ramesside Exodus window.", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-late" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" } ] }, { "id": "exodus-early", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1446 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval", "description": "Early Exodus chronology derived from a substantially literal reading of 1 Kings 6:1.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1445-07-01", "end": "-1445-07-01", "label": "1446 BCE" }, "tags": [ "model-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "exodus", "outgoing": [ { "from": "exodus-early", "to": "entry-early", "type": "derives" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-exodus", "title": "Two Exodus dates selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "A single departure cannot occupy both the 1446 BCE and 1254 BCE dates.", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "exodus-late" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] }, { "id": "hyksos-long-early", "title": "Hyksos Joseph and four-century sojourn conflict with 1446 BCE", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "all-accepted", "message": "The selected Hyksos Joseph window leaves far less than four centuries before an early Exodus.", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "long-sojourn", "exodus-early" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "luke-3" ] }, { "id": "rameses-early-needs-editorial", "title": "Early Exodus requires an editorial Rameses hypothesis", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "A contemporary Ramesside place-name cannot be retained in a 1446 BCE Exodus without an editorial-update hypothesis.", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "rameses-contemporary" ], "alternatives": [ "rameses-editorial" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ] }, { "id": "zannanza-before-early", "title": "Oppression trigger occurs after the early Exodus", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The proposed Zannanza/post-Amarna trigger must precede the Exodus it is meant to explain.", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-early" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "exodus-late", "label": "The Exodus occurred around 1254 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "date interval", "description": "Late Ramesside Exodus chronology used by the project.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1249-07-01", "end": "-1249-07-01", "label": "c. 1254 BCE" }, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "exodus", "outgoing": [ { "from": "exodus-late", "to": "entry-late", "type": "derives" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-exodus", "title": "Two Exodus dates selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "A single departure cannot occupy both the 1446 BCE and 1254 BCE dates.", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "exodus-late" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] }, { "id": "zannanza-before-late", "title": "Oppression trigger precedes the late Exodus", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The proposed oppression trigger precedes the late Ramesside Exodus window.", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-late" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" } ] }, { "id": "rameses-contemporary", "label": "The Rameses place-name is contemporary", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual-historical interpretation", "description": "Exodus refers to a genuinely Ramesside place-name rather than a later editorial update.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "rameses-early-needs-editorial", "title": "Early Exodus requires an editorial Rameses hypothesis", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "A contemporary Ramesside place-name cannot be retained in a 1446 BCE Exodus without an editorial-update hypothesis.", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "rameses-contemporary" ], "alternatives": [ "rameses-editorial" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "rameses-editorial", "label": "The Rameses place-name is a later editorial update", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "A later scribe updated an older place-name to Rameses for readers.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 3, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "rameses-early-needs-editorial", "title": "Early Exodus requires an editorial Rameses hypothesis", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "A contemporary Ramesside place-name cannot be retained in a 1446 BCE Exodus without an editorial-update hypothesis.", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "rameses-contemporary" ], "alternatives": [ "rameses-editorial" ], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "wilderness-forty", "label": "The wilderness period lasted forty years", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "duration claim", "description": "The wilderness interval is treated as forty elapsed years.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "entry-early", "label": "Entry into Canaan under the early model", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Derived forty-year offset from the early Exodus date.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "derived": { "type": "offset-years", "base": "exodus-early", "min": 40, "max": 40 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "jericho-campaign", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "exodus-early", "to": "entry-early", "type": "derives" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "entry-early-before-merneptah", "title": "Early entry precedes Merneptah", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The early model leaves a large interval before the Merneptah Stela.", "claims": [ "entry-early", "merneptah-israel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "entry-late", "label": "Entry into Canaan under the late model", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Derived forty-year offset from the late Exodus date.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "derived": { "type": "offset-years", "base": "exodus-late", "min": 40, "max": 40 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "jericho-campaign", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "exodus-late", "to": "entry-late", "type": "derives" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "entry-late-before-merneptah", "title": "Late entry must precede Merneptah", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Entry into Canaan must occur before Israel is attested by Merneptah.", "claims": [ "entry-late", "merneptah-israel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "merneptah-israel", "label": "Israel was present in Canaan by the Merneptah Stela", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "historical anchor", "description": "The Merneptah Stela places a people called Israel in Canaan by the late thirteenth century BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1207-07-01", "end": "-1207-07-01", "label": "c. 1208 BCE" }, "tags": [ "hard-anchor" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "entry-early-before-merneptah", "title": "Early entry precedes Merneptah", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The early model leaves a large interval before the Merneptah Stela.", "claims": [ "entry-early", "merneptah-israel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "entry-late-before-merneptah", "title": "Late entry must precede Merneptah", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Entry into Canaan must occur before Israel is attested by Merneptah.", "claims": [ "entry-late", "merneptah-israel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "highland-growth", "label": "Major highland settlement growth belongs near 1200 BCE", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "archaeological pattern", "description": "The clearest demographic expansion in the central highlands clusters near the Bronze–Iron transition.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "strong-context", "repairCost": 3, "date": { "start": "-1224-01-01", "end": "-1174-12-31", "label": "c. 1225–1175 BCE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "birth-sept11-3", "label": "Jesus was born September 11, 3 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "exact date", "description": "The project’s exact-date model identifies September 11, 3 BCE as the birthday.", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0002-09-11", "end": "-0002-09-11", "label": "September 11, 3 BCE" }, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "birth-jesus", "outgoing": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "rev12-calendrical", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "tishri1-identification", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "royal-star-sequence", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "type": "enables" } ], "incoming": [ { "from": "magi-visit-project", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "herod-death-1", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "supports-model", "when": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-birth", "title": "Two incompatible birth intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The exact September 11, 3 BCE claim does not lie inside the conventional 6–4 BCE interval.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "birth-conventional" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-rev12", "title": "Exact birth date loses its Revelation premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The exact September 11 conclusion requires the calendrical Revelation 12 interpretation.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "rev12-calendrical" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-tishri", "title": "Exact birth date loses its calendar premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The exact date requires the Tishri 1 identification.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "tishri1-identification" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-star", "title": "Exact birth date loses its astronomical context", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "major", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The project model requires the adopted royal-star sequence as an interpretive context.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "royal-star-sequence" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-herod1", "title": "Exact birth date requires a later Herod boundary", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The September 3 BCE birth model cannot use the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "herod-death-1" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "birth-before-herod4", "title": "Birth must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Matthew requires Herod alive after Jesus’s birth.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-4" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ] }, { "id": "birth-before-herod1", "title": "Birth precedes minority Herod death", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The exact birth date precedes the minority Herod-death interval.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "magi-after-birth-rule", "title": "Magi visit follows the birth", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The modeled Magi visit cannot precede Jesus’s birth.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "magi-after-birth", "magi-visit-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "ministry-age-sept11", "title": "About thirty must fit the exact birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The elapsed age at ministry start should remain within the selected “about thirty” teaching range.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "luke-3" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "revelation-12", "title": "revelation-12", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "birth-conventional", "label": "Jesus was born within the conventional 6–4 BCE range", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "A broad birth interval preceding the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "conventional", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0005-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "6–4 BCE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "birth-jesus", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-birth", "title": "Two incompatible birth intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The exact September 11, 3 BCE claim does not lie inside the conventional 6–4 BCE interval.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "birth-conventional" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "conventional-birth-before-herod4", "title": "Conventional birth range must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The selected birth interval must leave room for the Magi episode before Herod’s death.", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "herod-death-4" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant17" ] }, { "id": "ministry-age-conventional", "title": "About thirty must fit the conventional birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The broad conventional birth range produces a wider age interval that should be reported rather than hidden.", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "luke-3" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "herod-death-4", "label": "Herod died in the conventional 4 BCE interval", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Conventional interval for Herod’s death before Passover in 4 BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "confidence": "conventional", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0003-03-01", "end": "-0003-04-30", "label": "spring 4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "hard-anchor" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown" ], "eventId": "herod-death", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-herod", "title": "Two Herod-death intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The conventional 4 BCE and minority 1 BCE death intervals are alternatives.", "claims": [ "herod-death-4", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "birth-before-herod4", "title": "Birth must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Matthew requires Herod alive after Jesus’s birth.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-4" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ] }, { "id": "conventional-birth-before-herod4", "title": "Conventional birth range must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The selected birth interval must leave room for the Magi episode before Herod’s death.", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "herod-death-4" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant17" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "herod-death-1", "label": "Herod died in the minority 1 BCE interval", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Minority interval for Herod’s death before Passover in 1 BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0000-01-10", "end": "0000-04-10", "label": "early 1 BCE" }, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "herod-death", "outgoing": [ { "from": "herod-death-1", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "supports-model", "when": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1" } ], "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "return-project", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "supports" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-herod", "title": "Two Herod-death intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The conventional 4 BCE and minority 1 BCE death intervals are alternatives.", "claims": [ "herod-death-4", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-herod1", "title": "Exact birth date requires a later Herod boundary", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The September 3 BCE birth model cannot use the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "herod-death-1" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "birth-before-herod1", "title": "Birth precedes minority Herod death", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The exact birth date precedes the minority Herod-death interval.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "magi-before-herod-rule", "title": "Magi visit occurs while Herod is alive", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The Magi episode must occur before the selected death of Herod.", "claims": [ "magi-visit-project", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "flight-before-herod-rule", "title": "Flight occurs before Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The flight must occur before the death that triggers the return.", "claims": [ "flight-project", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "return-after-herod-rule", "title": "Return follows Herod’s death", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Matthew places the return after Herod’s death.", "claims": [ "return-after-herod", "herod-death-1", "return-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" } ] }, { "id": "magi-after-birth", "label": "The Magi visit occurred after Jesus’s birth", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "narrative-order claim", "description": "Matthew’s Magi episode follows the birth.", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 5, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "magi-after-birth-rule", "title": "Magi visit follows the birth", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The modeled Magi visit cannot precede Jesus’s birth.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "magi-after-birth", "magi-visit-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "magi-visit-project", "label": "Project Magi-visit window", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Teaching window extending from two months to twenty-four months after the exact birth date.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "derived": { "type": "offset-days", "base": "birth-sept11-3", "min": 60, "max": 430 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [ { "from": "magi-visit-project", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "derived-from" } ], "incoming": [ { "from": "flight-project", "to": "magi-visit-project", "type": "derived-from" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "magi-after-birth-rule", "title": "Magi visit follows the birth", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The modeled Magi visit cannot precede Jesus’s birth.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "magi-after-birth", "magi-visit-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] }, { "id": "magi-before-herod-rule", "title": "Magi visit occurs while Herod is alive", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The Magi episode must occur before the selected death of Herod.", "claims": [ "magi-visit-project", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "flight-after-magi-rule", "title": "Flight follows the Magi visit", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The flight into Egypt cannot precede the Magi episode.", "claims": [ "flight-after-magi", "magi-visit-project", "flight-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "presentation-forty", "label": "Jesus was presented about forty days after birth", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Teaching implementation of the purification and presentation interval.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2" ], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 3, "derived": { "type": "offset-days", "base": "birth-sept11-3", "min": 39, "max": 41 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "presentation-before-flight-rule", "title": "Presentation must fit before emergency departure", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The selected harmony places the presentation before the flight; overlapping windows require narrative compression or altered delays.", "claims": [ "presentation-forty", "flight-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "flight-after-magi", "label": "The flight into Egypt followed the Magi visit", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "narrative-order claim", "description": "Matthew places the flight after the Magi’s departure.", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 5, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "flight-after-magi-rule", "title": "Flight follows the Magi visit", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The flight into Egypt cannot precede the Magi episode.", "claims": [ "flight-after-magi", "magi-visit-project", "flight-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "flight-project", "label": "Project flight window", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Teaching interval placing the flight within seven days after the modeled Magi window.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "derived": { "type": "offset-from-derived-end", "base": "magi-visit-project", "min": 0, "max": 7 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [ { "from": "flight-project", "to": "magi-visit-project", "type": "derived-from" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "flight-after-magi-rule", "title": "Flight follows the Magi visit", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The flight into Egypt cannot precede the Magi episode.", "claims": [ "flight-after-magi", "magi-visit-project", "flight-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ] }, { "id": "flight-before-herod-rule", "title": "Flight occurs before Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The flight must occur before the death that triggers the return.", "claims": [ "flight-project", "herod-death-1" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] }, { "id": "presentation-before-flight-rule", "title": "Presentation must fit before emergency departure", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The selected harmony places the presentation before the flight; overlapping windows require narrative compression or altered delays.", "claims": [ "presentation-forty", "flight-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "return-after-herod", "label": "The return from Egypt occurred after Herod’s death", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "narrative-order claim", "description": "Matthew explicitly places the return after Herod’s death.", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 5, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "return-after-herod-rule", "title": "Return follows Herod’s death", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Matthew places the return after Herod’s death.", "claims": [ "return-after-herod", "herod-death-1", "return-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "matthew-1-2", "title": "matthew-1-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "return-project", "label": "Project return window", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "derived date interval", "description": "Teaching window extending from Herod’s death through the following year.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "derived", "repairCost": 2, "derived": { "type": "offset-days", "base": "herod-death-1", "min": 1, "max": 365 }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [ { "from": "return-project", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "derived-from" } ], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "return-after-herod-rule", "title": "Return follows Herod’s death", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "Matthew places the return after Herod’s death.", "claims": [ "return-after-herod", "herod-death-1", "return-project" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "rev12-calendrical", "label": "Revelation 12 contains a calendrical birth layer", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "textual interpretation", "description": "The celestial imagery is interpreted as more than symbolic and is used in an exact-date reconstruction.", "sourceIds": [ "revelation-12", "heiser-podcast138" ], "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "rev12-calendrical", "type": "depends" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "exact-birth-needs-rev12", "title": "Exact birth date loses its Revelation premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The exact September 11 conclusion requires the calendrical Revelation 12 interpretation.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "rev12-calendrical" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "revelation-12", "title": "revelation-12", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" } ] }, { "id": "tishri1-identification", "label": "The evening corresponds to the beginning of Tishri 1", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "calendar inference", "description": "The modeled crescent visibility is used to identify the relevant Jewish month boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "tishri1-identification", "type": "depends" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "exact-birth-needs-tishri", "title": "Exact birth date loses its calendar premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The exact date requires the Tishri 1 identification.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "tishri1-identification" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "royal-star-sequence", "label": "The 3–2 BCE Jupiter sequence is the relevant Magi sign", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "astronomical interpretation", "description": "The Jupiter–Regulus and Jupiter–Venus sequence is linked to the Magi narrative.", "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138" ], "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [ "project-core" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "royal-star-sequence", "type": "depends" } ], "rules": [ { "id": "exact-birth-needs-star", "title": "Exact birth date loses its astronomical context", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "major", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "The project model requires the adopted royal-star sequence as an interpretive context.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "royal-star-sequence" ], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" } ] }, { "id": "census-6ce", "label": "Luke 2 refers to the securely dated 6 CE census", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "textual-historical interpretation", "description": "Luke’s registration is identified with the census following Archelaus’s removal.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "acts-5", "josephus-ant18" ], "confidence": "conventional", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-census", "title": "Two census identifications selected", "category": "semantic-ambiguity", "severity": "major", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The securely dated 6 CE census and an earlier registration are distinct historical solutions.", "claims": [ "census-6ce", "census-earlier" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "acts-5", "josephus-ant18", "net-luke-2-note" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": true }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "acts-5", "title": "acts-5", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "josephus-ant18", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVIII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-18.html" } ] }, { "id": "census-earlier", "label": "Luke 2 refers to an earlier registration", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "historical reconstruction", "description": "The registration is placed before the 6 CE provincial census.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "net-luke-2-note" ], "confidence": "minority-model", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-census", "title": "Two census identifications selected", "category": "semantic-ambiguity", "severity": "major", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The securely dated 6 CE census and an earlier registration are distinct historical solutions.", "claims": [ "census-6ce", "census-earlier" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "acts-5", "josephus-ant18", "net-luke-2-note" ] }, { "id": "earlier-census-needs-solution", "title": "Earlier census requires a stated reconciliation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "An earlier registration should identify either a distinct administrative process or a defensible translation proposal.", "claims": [ "census-earlier" ], "alternatives": [ "luke-before-quirinius" ], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "net-luke-2-note" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "net-luke-2-note", "title": "net-luke-2-note", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "luke-before-quirinius", "label": "Luke 2:2 means “before Quirinius”", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "semantic interpretation", "description": "The Greek is read comparatively rather than as the ordinary first-census wording.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "net-luke-2-note" ], "confidence": "grammatical-proposal", "repairCost": 3, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "earlier-census-needs-solution", "title": "Earlier census requires a stated reconciliation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "requires-any", "message": "An earlier registration should identify either a distinct administrative process or a defensible translation proposal.", "claims": [ "census-earlier" ], "alternatives": [ "luke-before-quirinius" ], "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "net-luke-2-note" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-2", "title": "luke-2", "publisher": "", "url": "" }, { "id": "net-luke-2-note", "title": "net-luke-2-note", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "ministry-28", "label": "Jesus’s ministry began in 28–29 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "Teaching interval based on one reckoning of Tiberius’s fifteenth year.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-3" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "0028-01-01", "end": "0029-12-31", "label": "28–29 CE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "ministry-age-sept11", "title": "About thirty must fit the exact birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The elapsed age at ministry start should remain within the selected “about thirty” teaching range.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "luke-3" ] }, { "id": "ministry-age-conventional", "title": "About thirty must fit the conventional birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The broad conventional birth range produces a wider age interval that should be reported rather than hidden.", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "luke-3" ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-30", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-30" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-33", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-33" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "about-thirty", "label": "Jesus was about thirty at ministry start", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "age constraint", "description": "Luke’s approximate age statement allows a bounded range rather than an exact thirtieth birthday.", "sourceIds": [ "luke-3" ], "confidence": "textual", "repairCost": 4, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "ministry-age-sept11", "title": "About thirty must fit the exact birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The elapsed age at ministry start should remain within the selected “about thirty” teaching range.", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "luke-3" ] }, { "id": "ministry-age-conventional", "title": "About thirty must fit the conventional birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "kind": "age", "message": "The broad conventional birth range produces a wider age interval that should be reported rather than hidden.", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "luke-3" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "accepted", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "luke-3", "title": "luke-3", "publisher": "", "url": "" } ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-30", "label": "Jesus was crucified in 30 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "One major crucifixion chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "major-option", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "0030-04-01", "end": "0030-04-30", "label": "spring 30 CE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "crucifixion", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-crucifixion", "title": "Two crucifixion years selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The singular crucifixion cannot occur in both 30 and 33 CE.", "claims": [ "crucifixion-30", "crucifixion-33" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-30", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-30" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "accepted", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-33", "label": "Jesus was crucified in 33 CE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "date interval", "description": "The other principal crucifixion chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "major-option", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "0033-04-01", "end": "0033-04-30", "label": "spring 33 CE" }, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "crucifixion", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "exclusive-crucifixion", "title": "Two crucifixion years selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "exclusive", "message": "The singular crucifixion cannot occur in both 30 and 33 CE.", "claims": [ "crucifixion-30", "crucifixion-33" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-33", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "kind": "temporal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-33" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "label": "The proposed birthday is evidence that Herod died in 1 BCE", "domain": "Birth Chronology", "type": "circular inference", "description": "The September 11 model is used to establish the Herod date that the model itself requires.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "invalid-circularity", "repairCost": 1, "tags": [], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "repairOptions": [ "unknown", "rejected" ], "eventId": "", "outgoing": [ { "from": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "supports" } ], "incoming": [ { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "type": "enables" } ], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "rejected", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "canonical-event-primeval-history", "label": "Genesis 1–11: Primeval History", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Creation, humanity’s rebellion, the Flood, and Babel establish the theological background of the biblical story.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "theological-text", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1900-01-01", "end": "-1900-12-31", "label": "1901 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "primeval-history" }, "canonicalOrder": 1, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchal Age", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-primeval-history-terru-terah", "title": "Genesis 1–11: Primeval History precedes Terru of Urkesh and Terah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 1–11: Primeval History before Terru of Urkesh and Terah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-primeval-history", "canonical-event-terru-terah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "canonical-event-terru-terah", "label": "Terru of Urkesh and Terah", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "This project identifies Terru of Urkesh with Terah, Abraham’s father.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1775-01-01", "end": "-1775-12-31", "label": "1776 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "terru-terah" }, "canonicalOrder": 2, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchal Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-primeval-history-terru-terah", "title": "Genesis 1–11: Primeval History precedes Terru of Urkesh and Terah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 1–11: Primeval History before Terru of Urkesh and Terah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-primeval-history", "canonical-event-terru-terah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-terru-terah-abraham-call", "title": "Terru of Urkesh and Terah precedes Abraham’s Call and Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Terru of Urkesh and Terah before Abraham’s Call and Migration.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-terru-terah", "canonical-event-abraham-call" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-abraham-call", "label": "Abraham’s Call and Migration", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "God calls Abraham from the Mesopotamian world toward Canaan and promises land, descendants, and blessing to the nations.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1770-01-01", "end": "-1770-12-31", "label": "1771 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "abraham-call" }, "canonicalOrder": 3, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchal Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-terru-terah-abraham-call", "title": "Terru of Urkesh and Terah precedes Abraham’s Call and Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Terru of Urkesh and Terah before Abraham’s Call and Migration.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-terru-terah", "canonical-event-abraham-call" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-abraham-call-mari-zimrilim", "title": "Abraham’s Call and Migration precedes Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abraham’s Call and Migration before Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-abraham-call", "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "durand-arm28" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "label": "Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Mari archive reveals the political, linguistic, legal, and pastoral world in which the project places Abraham and Terru.", "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1768-01-01", "end": "-1768-12-31", "label": "1769 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "mari-zimrilim" }, "canonicalOrder": 4, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchs and Mesopotamia", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-abraham-call-mari-zimrilim", "title": "Abraham’s Call and Migration precedes Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abraham’s Call and Migration before Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-abraham-call", "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "durand-arm28" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-mari-zimrilim-amraphel-hammurabi", "title": "Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive precedes Genesis 14 and Hammurabi", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive before Genesis 14 and Hammurabi.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "durand-arm28", "title": "Lettres royales du temps de Zimri-Lim", "publisher": "Archives royales de Mari 28", "url": "https://cdli.earth/publications/137301" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "label": "Genesis 14 and Hammurabi", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "This project provisionally identifies Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi of Babylon.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1760-01-01", "end": "-1760-12-31", "label": "1761 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "amraphel-hammurabi" }, "canonicalOrder": 5, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchal Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-mari-zimrilim-amraphel-hammurabi", "title": "Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive precedes Genesis 14 and Hammurabi", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive before Genesis 14 and Hammurabi.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-amraphel-hammurabi-isaac-jacob", "title": "Genesis 14 and Hammurabi precedes Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 14 and Hammurabi before Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "canonical-event-isaac-jacob" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-isaac-jacob", "label": "Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The covenant family expands from Abraham to Isaac, Jacob—renamed Israel—and the ancestors of the tribes.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1690-01-01", "end": "-1690-12-31", "label": "1691 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "isaac-jacob" }, "canonicalOrder": 6, "canonicalEra": "Patriarchal Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-amraphel-hammurabi-isaac-jacob", "title": "Genesis 14 and Hammurabi precedes Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 14 and Hammurabi before Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "canonical-event-isaac-jacob" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "label": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joseph rises from slavery and imprisonment to become the chief administrator under a Hyksos ruler.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1615-01-01", "end": "-1615-12-31", "label": "1616 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "joseph-hyksos" }, "canonicalOrder": 7, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-joseph-hyksos-jacob-egypt", "title": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh precedes Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh before Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "canonical-event-jacob-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "label": "Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jacob’s extended household relocates to Egypt during Joseph’s ascendancy, creating the narrative bridge from the patriarchs to Israel’s Egyptian residence.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1610-01-01", "end": "-1610-12-31", "label": "1611 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jacob-egypt" }, "canonicalOrder": 7.1, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-joseph-hyksos-jacob-egypt", "title": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh precedes Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh before Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "canonical-event-jacob-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jacob-egypt-hyksos-egypt", "title": "Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt precedes Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt before Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "label": "Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A dynasty of western Asiatic origin rules northern Egypt from Avaris in the eastern Nile Delta.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1600-01-01", "end": "-1600-12-31", "label": "1601 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hyksos-egypt" }, "canonicalOrder": 8, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jacob-egypt-hyksos-egypt", "title": "Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt precedes Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt before Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-egypt-hittite-sack-babylon", "title": "Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt precedes Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt before Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "met-babylon" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "label": "Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The fall of Old Babylonian Babylon closes the world of Hammurabi and illustrates the political instability surrounding the later patriarchal period.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1595-01-01", "end": "-1595-12-31", "label": "1596 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hittite-sack-babylon" }, "canonicalOrder": 9, "canonicalEra": "Joseph and Hyksos Egypt", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-egypt-hittite-sack-babylon", "title": "Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt precedes Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt before Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "met-babylon" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-hittite-sack-babylon-hyksos-expulsion", "title": "Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty precedes Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty before Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "label": "Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ahmose I’s conquest of Avaris ended Hyksos rule. This project proposes that the subjugation of remaining eastern-Delta Asiatic communities began within this dynastic reversal and later developed into Israelite servitude.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1530-01-01", "end": "-1530-12-31", "label": "1531 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hyksos-expulsion" }, "canonicalOrder": 10, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-hittite-sack-babylon-hyksos-expulsion", "title": "Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty precedes Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty before Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-expulsion-thutmose-megiddo", "title": "Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude precedes Thutmose III at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude before Thutmose III at Megiddo.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "title": "The Autobiography of Ahmose Son of Abana", "publisher": "University of California Press / Ancient Egyptian Literature", "url": "https://content.ucpress.edu/title/9780520248434/9780520248434_chapter_one.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "label": "Thutmose III at Megiddo", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Egypt’s victory at Megiddo helps explain why fifteenth-century Canaan was an Egyptian imperial zone rather than an independent political vacuum.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1457-01-01", "end": "-1457-12-31", "label": "1458 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "thutmose-megiddo" }, "canonicalOrder": 11, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-expulsion-thutmose-megiddo", "title": "Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude precedes Thutmose III at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude before Thutmose III at Megiddo.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-thutmose-megiddo-egyptian-empire", "title": "Thutmose III at Megiddo precedes Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Thutmose III at Megiddo before Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "canonical-event-egyptian-empire" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti", "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "label": "Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Egypt’s eastern Delta becomes the gateway to campaigns, tribute, diplomacy, and military logistics in Asia.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1450-01-01", "end": "-1450-12-31", "label": "1451 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "egyptian-empire" }, "canonicalOrder": 12, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-thutmose-megiddo-egyptian-empire", "title": "Thutmose III at Megiddo precedes Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Thutmose III at Megiddo before Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "canonical-event-egyptian-empire" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti", "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-egyptian-empire-amarna-crisis", "title": "Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan precedes Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan before Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "canonical-event-amarna-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "label": "Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Akhenaten’s religious and administrative revolution destabilizes the Egyptian court and its traditional institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1345-01-01", "end": "-1345-12-31", "label": "1346 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "amarna-crisis" }, "canonicalOrder": 13, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-egyptian-empire-amarna-crisis", "title": "Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan precedes Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan before Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "canonical-event-amarna-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-crisis-amarna-letters", "title": "Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis precedes The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis before The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "canonical-event-amarna-letters" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "label": "The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Amarna correspondence exposes the fragmented city-state system of Canaan under Egyptian overlordship shortly before the project’s oppression chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1340-01-01", "end": "-1340-12-31", "label": "1341 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "amarna-letters" }, "canonicalOrder": 14, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-crisis-amarna-letters", "title": "Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis precedes The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis before The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "canonical-event-amarna-letters" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-letters-tutankhamun-death", "title": "The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics precedes Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics before Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel", "arce-ramessides" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "label": "Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The young pharaoh’s death creates a dangerous succession crisis.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1323-01-01", "end": "-1323-12-31", "label": "1324 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "tutankhamun-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 15, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-letters-tutankhamun-death", "title": "The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics precedes Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics before Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel", "arce-ramessides" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-tutankhamun-death-zannanza-affair", "title": "Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir precedes The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir before The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "canonical-event-zannanza-affair" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "gueterbock-deeds", "isac-seti" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "label": "The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A widowed Egyptian queen requests a Hittite prince as husband. Zannanza dies on the journey, helping turn a succession crisis into renewed Egyptian–Hittite hostility.", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1322-01-01", "end": "-1322-12-31", "label": "1323 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "zannanza-affair" }, "canonicalOrder": 16, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-tutankhamun-death-zannanza-affair", "title": "Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir precedes The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir before The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "canonical-event-zannanza-affair" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "gueterbock-deeds", "isac-seti" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-zannanza-affair-moses-born", "title": "The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis precedes Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis before Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "canonical-event-moses-born" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "gueterbock-deeds", "title": "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II", "publisher": "Journal of Cuneiform Studies", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.2307/1359585" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-moses-born", "label": "Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The project places the decree against newborn Hebrew boys and Moses’s birth in the aftermath of the Daḫamunzu–Zannanza crisis, probably during Ay’s brief reign.", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1321-01-01", "end": "-1321-12-31", "label": "1322 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "moses-born" }, "canonicalOrder": 17, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-zannanza-affair-moses-born", "title": "The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis precedes Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis before Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "canonical-event-moses-born" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-moses-born-horemheb-oppression", "title": "Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses precedes Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses before Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-born", "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "gueterbock-deeds", "title": "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II", "publisher": "Journal of Cuneiform Studies", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.2307/1359585" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "label": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The project places Moses’s adulthood, killing of the Egyptian overseer, and flight to Midian during Horemheb’s restoration regime.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1305-01-01", "end": "-1305-12-31", "label": "1306 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "horemheb-oppression" }, "canonicalOrder": 18, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-moses-born-horemheb-oppression", "title": "Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses precedes Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses before Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-born", "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-horemheb-oppression-moses-midian", "title": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight precedes Moses Flees to Midian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight before Moses Flees to Midian.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "canonical-event-moses-midian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "horemheb-edict-mma", "title": "The Edict of Haremhab", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p16028coll12/id/14119/download" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-moses-midian", "label": "Moses Flees to Midian", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After killing an Egyptian, Moses escapes Egypt, joins Jethro’s household, and remains in Midian until the deaths of the men seeking his life.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1300-01-01", "end": "-1300-12-31", "label": "1301 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "moses-midian" }, "canonicalOrder": 18.5, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-horemheb-oppression-moses-midian", "title": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight precedes Moses Flees to Midian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight before Moses Flees to Midian.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "canonical-event-moses-midian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-moses-midian-seti-campaigns", "title": "Moses Flees to Midian precedes Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Moses Flees to Midian before Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-midian", "canonical-event-seti-campaigns" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "label": "Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Seti I attempts to restore Egyptian control and temporarily recaptures Kadesh.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1286-01-01", "end": "-1286-12-31", "label": "1287 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "seti-campaigns" }, "canonicalOrder": 19, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-moses-midian-seti-campaigns", "title": "Moses Flees to Midian precedes Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Moses Flees to Midian before Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-midian", "canonical-event-seti-campaigns" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-seti-campaigns-ramesses-reign", "title": "Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria precedes Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria before Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "canonical-event-ramesses-reign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "label": "Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ramesses II develops Pi-Ramesses into a royal, military, industrial, and storage center. The project places the final phase of Israelite compulsory labor in this Ramesside construction economy.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1279-01-01", "end": "-1279-12-31", "label": "1280 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ramesses-reign" }, "canonicalOrder": 20, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-seti-campaigns-ramesses-reign", "title": "Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria precedes Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria before Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "canonical-event-ramesses-reign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ramesses-reign-kadesh", "title": "Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase precedes Battle of Kadesh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase before Battle of Kadesh.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "canonical-event-kadesh" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024", "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "franzmeier-piramesse-2024", "title": "The Foundation of Pi-Ramesse: Strengthening the Rule of the 19th Dynasty and Displaying Egypt to the Outside World", "publisher": "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology / SAGE", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03075133241297651" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-kadesh", "label": "Battle of Kadesh", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ramesses II confronts the Hittite Empire at Kadesh. The battle demonstrates the continuing threat environment but is not treated as the original trigger for the infant decree.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1274-01-01", "end": "-1274-12-31", "label": "1275 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "kadesh" }, "canonicalOrder": 21, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ramesses-reign-kadesh", "title": "Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase precedes Battle of Kadesh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase before Battle of Kadesh.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "canonical-event-kadesh" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024", "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-kadesh-egypt-hatti-treaty", "title": "Battle of Kadesh precedes Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Battle of Kadesh before Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-kadesh", "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" }, { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "label": "Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The peace treaty following decades of conflict clarifies the geopolitical environment in which the project places the Exodus.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1259-01-01", "end": "-1259-12-31", "label": "1260 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "egypt-hatti-treaty" }, "canonicalOrder": 22, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-kadesh-egypt-hatti-treaty", "title": "Battle of Kadesh precedes Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Battle of Kadesh before Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-kadesh", "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-egypt-hatti-treaty-burning-bush", "title": "Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty precedes The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty before The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "canonical-event-burning-bush" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts", "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" }, { "id": "wilson-kadesh-texts", "title": "The Texts of the Battle of Kadesh", "publisher": "The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/370157" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-burning-bush", "label": "The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "God calls Moses at the burning bush and sends him back to Egypt shortly before the project’s adopted 1254 BCE Exodus coordinate.", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1255-01-01", "end": "-1255-12-31", "label": "1256 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "burning-bush" }, "canonicalOrder": 22.6, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-egypt-hatti-treaty-burning-bush", "title": "Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty precedes The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty before The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "canonical-event-burning-bush" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts", "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-burning-bush-plagues-passover", "title": "The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt precedes Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt before Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-burning-bush", "canonical-event-plagues-passover" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" }, { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-plagues-passover", "label": "Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The project identifies the disappearance and probable death of Ramesses II’s firstborn crown prince Amun-her-khepeshef around regnal Year 25 with the death of Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12, and places the first Passover in the same year.", "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "qantir-project" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "plagues-passover" }, "canonicalOrder": 22.7, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-burning-bush-plagues-passover", "title": "The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt precedes Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt before Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-burning-bush", "canonical-event-plagues-passover" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" }, { "id": "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "title": "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", "publisher": "Thames & Hudson", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Royal_Families_of_Ancient_E.html?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ" }, { "id": "theban-mapping-kv5", "title": "KV 5 — Sons of Rameses II", "publisher": "Theban Mapping Project", "url": "https://thebanmappingproject.com/tombs/kv-05-sons-rameses-ii" }, { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-exodus", "label": "The Exodus under Ramesses II", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The project places Israel’s departure in approximately 1254 BCE, immediately after the death of Amun-her-khepeshef in the adopted firstborn-prince synchronism.", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "exodus" }, "canonicalOrder": 23, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" }, { "id": "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "title": "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", "publisher": "Thames & Hudson", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Royal_Families_of_Ancient_E.html?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ" }, { "id": "theban-mapping-kv5", "title": "KV 5 — Sons of Rameses II", "publisher": "Theban Mapping Project", "url": "https://thebanmappingproject.com/tombs/kv-05-sons-rameses-ii" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "label": "Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel departs Egypt, is pursued by Pharaoh’s forces, crosses the body of water called Yam Suph, and celebrates deliverance.", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "bas-dating-exodus", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "sea-crossing" }, "canonicalOrder": 23.1, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-sea-crossing-sinai-wilderness", "title": "Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing precedes Sinai Covenant and Wilderness", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing before Sinai Covenant and Wilderness.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "bas-dating-exodus", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "bas-dating-exodus", "title": "Dating the Exodus", "publisher": "Biblical Archaeology Society Library", "url": "https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/sidebar/dating-the-exodus/" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness", "label": "Sinai Covenant and Wilderness", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel receives the Torah, tabernacle, priesthood, and covenant identity during the wilderness period. The project retains a forty-year interval for the adopted sequence while treating biblical age totals as non-controlling for Moses’s earlier life.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1234-01-01", "end": "-1234-12-31", "label": "1235 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "sinai-wilderness" }, "canonicalOrder": 24, "canonicalEra": "Egyptian Empire and Exodus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-sea-crossing-sinai-wilderness", "title": "Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing precedes Sinai Covenant and Wilderness", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing before Sinai Covenant and Wilderness.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "bas-dating-exodus", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-balaam-balak-deir-alla", "label": "Balaam and Balak before Israel Enters Canaan", "domain": "Exodus and Conquest", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "On the plains east of the Jordan, Balak summons Balaam son of Beor; centuries later an independent Transjordanian inscription preserves a Balaam-son-of-Beor seer tradition.", "sourceIds": [ "levine-deir-alla-balaam" ], "confidence": "plausible-correspondence", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1215-01-01", "end": "-1215-12-31", "label": "1216 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "balaam-balak-deir-alla" }, "canonicalOrder": 24.2, "canonicalEra": "Exodus and Conquest", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "levine-deir-alla-balaam", "title": "The Balaam Inscription from Deir ʿAlla: Historical Aspects", "publisher": "Penn State University Press / JSTOR", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/j.ctv1bxh27v.15" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "label": "Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Moses dies east of the Jordan, Joshua assumes leadership, and Israel crosses into Canaan.", "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1214-01-01", "end": "-1214-12-31", "label": "1215 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "moses-death-jordan" }, "canonicalOrder": 24.4, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-moses-death-jordan-jericho-campaign", "title": "Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan precedes Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan before Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "canonical-event-jericho-campaign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jericho-campaign", "label": "Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joshua’s campaign narrative moves from Jericho and Ai to coalition conflicts in the central, southern, and northern highlands.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "confidence": "broad-historical-fit", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1211-01-01", "end": "-1211-12-31", "label": "1212 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jericho-campaign" }, "canonicalOrder": 24.5, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-moses-death-jordan-jericho-campaign", "title": "Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan precedes Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan before Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "canonical-event-jericho-campaign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "cline-hazor", "title": "1177 BC: The Collapse of Civilizations and the Rise of Ancient Israel", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2015/01/cli398005" }, { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hazor-northern-campaign", "label": "Joshua’s Northern Campaign and the Destruction of Hazor", "domain": "Conquest and Settlement", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joshua 11 places Hazor at the center of a northern coalition and describes the city’s destruction; Hazor independently has a major terminal Late Bronze destruction horizon.", "sourceIds": [ "bechar-hazor-2021" ], "confidence": "plausible-correspondence", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1210-01-01", "end": "-1210-12-31", "label": "1211 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hazor-northern-campaign" }, "canonicalOrder": 24.8, "canonicalEra": "Conquest and Settlement", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bechar-hazor-2021", "title": "The Destruction of Late Bronze Age Hazor", "publisher": "Ägypten und Levante / Austrian Academy of Sciences", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1553/AEUNDL31S45" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "label": "Israel Becomes Established in Canaan", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israelite settlement expansion and territorial consolidation develop in Canaan around the Merneptah horizon; the stela independently names Israel by about 1208 BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1211-01-01", "end": "-1211-12-31", "label": "1212 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "israel-canaan" }, "canonicalOrder": 25, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-israel-canaan-merneptah", "title": "Israel Becomes Established in Canaan precedes Merneptah Stela Names Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Israel Becomes Established in Canaan before Merneptah Stela Names Israel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "canonical-event-merneptah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-merneptah", "label": "Merneptah Stela Names Israel", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "An Egyptian royal inscription identifies Israel as a people already present in Canaan.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1208-01-01", "end": "-1208-12-31", "label": "1209 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "merneptah" }, "canonicalOrder": 26, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-israel-canaan-merneptah", "title": "Israel Becomes Established in Canaan precedes Merneptah Stela Names Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Israel Becomes Established in Canaan before Merneptah Stela Names Israel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "canonical-event-merneptah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-merneptah-shechem-joshua-death", "title": "Merneptah Stela Names Israel precedes Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merneptah Stela Names Israel before Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-merneptah", "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "label": "Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joshua gathers Israel at Shechem for covenant renewal, after which his death and the passing of his generation introduce the Judges era.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1200-01-01", "end": "-1200-12-31", "label": "1201 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "shechem-joshua-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 26.2, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-merneptah-shechem-joshua-death", "title": "Merneptah Stela Names Israel precedes Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merneptah Stela Names Israel before Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-merneptah", "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-shechem-joshua-death-judges-dan-migration", "title": "Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua precedes Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua before Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "label": "Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval", "domain": "Late Bronze Age Collapse", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The destruction horizon at Late Bronze Age Troy falls inside the same Aegean–Anatolian crisis that precedes the great Sea Peoples-era migrations. The project treats a historical conflict behind the Trojan tradition as a plausible contributor to this disruption, not as the demonstrated single cause of the Bronze Age Collapse.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "cambridge-iliad-troy-horizon", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "confidence": "plausible-contextual-link", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1200-01-01", "end": "-1200-12-31", "label": "1201 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "trojan-war-horizon" }, "canonicalOrder": 26.8, "canonicalEra": "Late Bronze Age Collapse", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-trojan-war-horizon-sea-peoples-crisis", "title": "Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval precedes Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval before Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "cambridge-iliad-troy-horizon", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "title": "Hittite Literary Evidence", "publisher": "The Cambridge Guide to Homer · Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-guide-to-homer/hittite-literary-evidence/37462517BA9895BCE28F55C5F7A94924" }, { "id": "cambridge-iliad-troy-horizon", "title": "Homer: Iliad Book IV — Contexts", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://assets.cambridge.org/97810092/25724/excerpt/9781009225724_excerpt.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "title": "Getting Closer to the Late Bronze Age Collapse in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1200 BC", "publisher": "Antiquity / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.187" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "label": "The Late Bronze Age Collapse", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Palatial systems collapse across the eastern Mediterranean after mounting warfare, migration, state failure, and economic disruption. The project treats Aegean–Anatolian upheaval—including the Trojan-war horizon—and the Sea Peoples crisis as interacting accelerants within this multicausal breakdown, which weakens the old order in Canaan as Israel, Philistines, and other Iron Age polities emerge.", "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1180-01-01", "end": "-1180-12-31", "label": "1181 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "bronze-age-collapse" }, "canonicalOrder": 27, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judges-benjamin-war-bronze-age-collapse", "title": "Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War precedes The Late Bronze Age Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War before The Late Bronze Age Collapse.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-bronze-age-collapse-judge-othniel", "title": "The Late Bronze Age Collapse precedes Othniel and the Southern Deliverance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Late Bronze Age Collapse before Othniel and the Southern Deliverance.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "canonical-event-judge-othniel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cline-hazor", "title": "1177 BC: The Collapse of Civilizations and the Rise of Ancient Israel", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2015/01/cli398005" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "title": "Getting Closer to the Late Bronze Age Collapse in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1200 BC", "publisher": "Antiquity / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.187" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis", "label": "Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars", "domain": "Late Bronze Age Collapse", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Egyptian and Ugaritic records document several maritime and overland coalitions during the eastern Mediterranean crisis. The project situates these movements downstream of wider Aegean–Anatolian disruption, potentially including the Trojan-war horizon, while retaining that specific causal link as inferential. “Sea Peoples” remains a modern umbrella term, not one unified nation or a sufficient explanation for the entire collapse.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1177-01-01", "end": "-1177-12-31", "label": "1178 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "sea-peoples-crisis" }, "canonicalOrder": 27.5, "canonicalEra": "Late Bronze Age Collapse", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-trojan-war-horizon-sea-peoples-crisis", "title": "Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval precedes Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval before Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "cambridge-iliad-troy-horizon", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "title": "Medinet Habu I: Earlier Historical Records of Ramses III", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/medinet-habu-volume-i-earlier-historical-records-ramses-iii" }, { "id": "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "title": "Historical Records of Ramses III: Texts in Medinet Habu I–II", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-12-historical-records-ramses-iii-texts-medinet-habu-volumes-1-and-2" }, { "id": "ugarit-enemy-ships", "title": "Ugaritic Enemy-Ship Correspondence (RS 20.238 and related letters)", "publisher": "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.13.4.0392" }, { "id": "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "title": "Getting Closer to the Late Bronze Age Collapse in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1200 BC", "publisher": "Antiquity / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.187" }, { "id": "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "title": "Hittite Literary Evidence", "publisher": "The Cambridge Guide to Homer · Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-guide-to-homer/hittite-literary-evidence/37462517BA9895BCE28F55C5F7A94924" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "label": "Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Philistine ethnogenesis on the southern coastal plain provides the clearest biblical downstream connection to the Sea Peoples-era population movements that followed the Aegean–Anatolian crisis. Philistine cities then become a major political and military force in Judges and Samuel.", "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1150-01-01", "end": "-1150-12-31", "label": "1151 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "philistine-settlement" }, "canonicalOrder": 28, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ehud-philistine-settlement", "title": "Ehud and the Moabite Crisis precedes Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ehud and the Moabite Crisis before Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "canonical-event-philistine-settlement" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-philistine-settlement-judge-shamgar", "title": "Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain precedes Shamgar and Local Resistance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain before Shamgar and Local Resistance.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "canonical-event-judge-shamgar" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cline-hazor", "title": "1177 BC: The Collapse of Civilizations and the Rise of Ancient Israel", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2015/01/cli398005" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-philistines", "title": "Iron Age I Philistines", "publisher": "The Social Archaeology of the Levant · Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/social-archaeology-of-the-levant/iron-age-i-philistines/EB03963A5095E47CDB4D0F607FF5451D" }, { "id": "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "title": "Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines", "publisher": "Science Advances", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6609216/" }, { "id": "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "title": "The Philistines and Other ‘Sea Peoples’ in Text and Archaeology", "publisher": "Society of Biblical Literature / JSTOR", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46n483" }, { "id": "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "title": "Medinet Habu I: Earlier Historical Records of Ramses III", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/medinet-habu-volume-i-earlier-historical-records-ramses-iii" }, { "id": "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "title": "Migration, Hybridization, and Resistance: Identity Dynamics in the Early Iron Age Southern Levant", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-prehistory-of-the-bronze-and-iron-age-mediterranean/migration-hybridization-and-resistance-identity-dynamics-in-the-early-iron-age-southern-levant/E2397FDB807FA5F1D0798DF53CB01ABC" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "label": "Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After the Late Bronze Age collapse, Egyptian imperial control in Canaan contracts while Assyria enters a long period of weakness. Aramaean and other local powers expand into the resulting vacuum, creating an unusually open geopolitical window for Philistia, Israel, Judah, Phoenician states, and neighboring Iron Age polities to consolidate.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "oxford-assyria-nadir" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1000-01-01", "end": "-1000-12-31", "label": "1001 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "post-collapse-power-vacuum" }, "canonicalOrder": 28.5, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-saul-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "title": "Saul and the First Monarchy precedes Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Saul and the First Monarchy before Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-saul", "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "oxford-assyria-nadir" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "title": "Migration, Hybridization, and Resistance: Identity Dynamics in the Early Iron Age Southern Levant", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-prehistory-of-the-bronze-and-iron-age-mediterranean/migration-hybridization-and-resistance-identity-dynamics-in-the-early-iron-age-southern-levant/E2397FDB807FA5F1D0798DF53CB01ABC" }, { "id": "oxford-assyria-nadir", "title": "Assyria from Tiglath-pileser I to Ashurnasirpal II", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/book/45752/chapter-abstract/398231878" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judges", "label": "Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel remains a decentralized tribal society in which local oppressions, deliverers, periods of rest, and internal crises overlap before the monarchy.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "broad-historical-fit", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1125-01-01", "end": "-1125-12-31", "label": "1126 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judges" }, "canonicalOrder": 29, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-deborah-barak-judges", "title": "Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition precedes Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition before Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "canonical-event-judges" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-judge-gideon", "title": "Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles precedes Gideon and the Midianite Raids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles before Gideon and the Midianite Raids.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges", "canonical-event-judge-gideon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "label": "Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Danite migration and shrine narrative belongs to the unsettled early tribal period, though Judges places it in a literary appendix.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1192-01-01", "end": "-1192-12-31", "label": "1193 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judges-dan-migration" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.01, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-shechem-joshua-death-judges-dan-migration", "title": "Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua precedes Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua before Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-dan-migration-judges-benjamin-war", "title": "Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration precedes Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration before Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "label": "Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Gibeah atrocity and intertribal war expose the institutional weakness of the pre-monarchic confederation.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1188-01-01", "end": "-1188-12-31", "label": "1189 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judges-benjamin-war" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.02, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judges-dan-migration-judges-benjamin-war", "title": "Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration precedes Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration before Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-benjamin-war-bronze-age-collapse", "title": "Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War precedes The Late Bronze Age Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War before The Late Bronze Age Collapse.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "label": "Othniel and the Southern Deliverance", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Othniel represents the first major deliverer cycle after the introductory settlement narratives.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1178-01-01", "end": "-1178-12-31", "label": "1179 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-othniel" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.03, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-bronze-age-collapse-judge-othniel", "title": "The Late Bronze Age Collapse precedes Othniel and the Southern Deliverance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Late Bronze Age Collapse before Othniel and the Southern Deliverance.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "canonical-event-judge-othniel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-othniel-judge-ehud", "title": "Othniel and the Southern Deliverance precedes Ehud and the Moabite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Othniel and the Southern Deliverance before Ehud and the Moabite Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "canonical-event-judge-ehud" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "label": "Ehud and the Moabite Crisis", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ehud’s Benjaminite-Moabite conflict represents a regional eastern cycle that need not occupy eighty exclusive national years.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1158-01-01", "end": "-1158-12-31", "label": "1159 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-ehud" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.04, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-othniel-judge-ehud", "title": "Othniel and the Southern Deliverance precedes Ehud and the Moabite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Othniel and the Southern Deliverance before Ehud and the Moabite Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "canonical-event-judge-ehud" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ehud-philistine-settlement", "title": "Ehud and the Moabite Crisis precedes Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ehud and the Moabite Crisis before Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "canonical-event-philistine-settlement" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "label": "Shamgar and Local Resistance", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Shamgar appears as a brief local deliverer associated with the insecure conditions remembered around Deborah’s generation.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1148-01-01", "end": "-1148-12-31", "label": "1149 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-shamgar" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.05, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-philistine-settlement-judge-shamgar", "title": "Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain precedes Shamgar and Local Resistance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain before Shamgar and Local Resistance.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "canonical-event-judge-shamgar" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-shamgar-judge-deborah-barak", "title": "Shamgar and Local Resistance precedes Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shamgar and Local Resistance before Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "label": "Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Deborah and Barak lead a northern coalition against Sisera in a cycle centered on the Jezreel and Kishon regions.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1138-01-01", "end": "-1138-12-31", "label": "1139 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-deborah-barak" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.06, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-shamgar-judge-deborah-barak", "title": "Shamgar and Local Resistance precedes Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shamgar and Local Resistance before Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-deborah-barak-judges", "title": "Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition precedes Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition before Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "canonical-event-judges" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "label": "Gideon and the Midianite Raids", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Gideon’s cycle depicts seasonal eastern raids, a temporary tribal coalition, and the danger of quasi-monarchical power.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1118-01-01", "end": "-1118-12-31", "label": "1119 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-gideon" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.07, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judges-judge-gideon", "title": "Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles precedes Gideon and the Midianite Raids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles before Gideon and the Midianite Raids.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges", "canonical-event-judge-gideon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-gideon-judge-abimelech", "title": "Gideon and the Midianite Raids precedes Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gideon and the Midianite Raids before Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "canonical-event-judge-abimelech" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "label": "Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Abimelech’s violent three-year rule is a local kingship experiment and follows Gideon within the narrative sequence.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1103-01-01", "end": "-1103-12-31", "label": "1104 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-abimelech" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.08, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-gideon-judge-abimelech", "title": "Gideon and the Midianite Raids precedes Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gideon and the Midianite Raids before Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "canonical-event-judge-abimelech" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-abimelech-judge-tola-jair", "title": "Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem precedes Tola and Jair", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem before Tola and Jair.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "label": "Tola and Jair", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Tola and Jair represent longer regional judgeships whose reported durations may overlap other local crises.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1092-01-01", "end": "-1092-12-31", "label": "1093 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-tola-jair" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.09, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-abimelech-judge-tola-jair", "title": "Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem precedes Tola and Jair", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem before Tola and Jair.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-tola-jair-judge-jephthah", "title": "Tola and Jair precedes Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tola and Jair before Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "canonical-event-judge-jephthah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "abr-early-defense" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "label": "Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jephthah’s eastern conflict is placed late in the adopted Judges period. His claim of three hundred years is treated as part of an unreliable character’s diplomatic rhetoric rather than a narrator-authenticated absolute synchronism.", "sourceIds": [ "laato-480", "abr-early-defense", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1085-01-01", "end": "-1085-12-31", "label": "1086 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-jephthah" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.1, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-tola-jair-judge-jephthah", "title": "Tola and Jair precedes Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tola and Jair before Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "canonical-event-judge-jephthah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "abr-early-defense" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-jephthah-judge-samson", "title": "Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim precedes Samson and the Philistine Frontier", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim before Samson and the Philistine Frontier.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "canonical-event-judge-samson" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "laato-480", "abr-early-defense", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" }, { "id": "abr-early-defense", "title": "A Critical Analysis of the Evidence for a Late-Date Exodus-Conquest", "publisher": "Associates for Biblical Research", "url": "https://biblearchaeology.org/research-articles/a-critical-analysis-of-the-evidence-from-ralph-hawkins-for-a-latedate-exodusconquest/" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-samson", "label": "Samson and the Philistine Frontier", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Samson’s twenty-year activity belongs within, not after, the forty-year Philistine oppression and overlaps the Eli–Samuel transition.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1076-01-01", "end": "-1076-12-31", "label": "1077 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-samson" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.11, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-jephthah-judge-samson", "title": "Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim precedes Samson and the Philistine Frontier", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim before Samson and the Philistine Frontier.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "canonical-event-judge-samson" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "laato-480", "abr-early-defense", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-samson-shiloh-samuel", "title": "Samson and the Philistine Frontier precedes Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samson and the Philistine Frontier before Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-samson", "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "label": "Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The final minor judges represent short regional terms between Jephthah’s eastern conflict and the monarchy transition.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1070-01-01", "end": "-1070-12-31", "label": "1071 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judge-ibzan-elon-abdon" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.12, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-shiloh-samuel-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "title": "Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis precedes Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis before Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon-ruth-judges", "title": "Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon precedes Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon before Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "canonical-event-ruth-judges" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "laato-480", "title": "The Mysterious Number 480 in 1 Kings 6:1", "publisher": "Bible Interpretation / University of Arizona", "url": "https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2016/04/laa408018" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "label": "Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ruth locates a family migration, return, and marriage within the Judges era and links Bethlehem’s local history to David’s ancestry.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1066-01-01", "end": "-1066-12-31", "label": "1067 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ruth-judges" }, "canonicalOrder": 29.13, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon-ruth-judges", "title": "Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon precedes Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon before Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "canonical-event-ruth-judges" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ruth-judges-ark-captured-aphek", "title": "Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy precedes The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy before The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "label": "Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Shiloh traditions connect the decentralized judges period to the rise of monarchy and the Philistine crisis.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1075-01-01", "end": "-1075-12-31", "label": "1076 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "shiloh-samuel" }, "canonicalOrder": 30, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judge-samson-shiloh-samuel", "title": "Samson and the Philistine Frontier precedes Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samson and the Philistine Frontier before Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-samson", "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-shiloh-samuel-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "title": "Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis precedes Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis before Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "label": "The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel’s defeat at Aphek, the capture of the Ark, and the deaths of Eli’s sons mark the collapse of the Shiloh priestly order.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1065-01-01", "end": "-1065-12-31", "label": "1066 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ark-captured-aphek" }, "canonicalOrder": 30.1, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ruth-judges-ark-captured-aphek", "title": "Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy precedes The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy before The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ark-captured-aphek-samuel-mizpah", "title": "The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh precedes Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh before Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "label": "Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Samuel gathers Israel at Mizpah, leads a covenantal reform, and presides over a reversal against Philistine pressure before the demand for a king.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "broad-historical-fit", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1055-01-01", "end": "-1055-12-31", "label": "1056 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "samuel-mizpah" }, "canonicalOrder": 30.2, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ark-captured-aphek-samuel-mizpah", "title": "The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh precedes Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh before Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-samuel-mizpah-saul", "title": "Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal precedes Saul and the First Monarchy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal before Saul and the First Monarchy.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "canonical-event-saul" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-saul", "label": "Saul and the First Monarchy", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel centralizes under Saul as Philistine pressure intensifies.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1030-01-01", "end": "-1030-12-31", "label": "1031 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "saul" }, "canonicalOrder": 31, "canonicalEra": "Settlement, Judges, and Monarchy", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-samuel-mizpah-saul", "title": "Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal precedes Saul and the First Monarchy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal before Saul and the First Monarchy.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "canonical-event-saul" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-saul-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "title": "Saul and the First Monarchy precedes Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Saul and the First Monarchy before Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-saul", "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "oxford-assyria-nadir" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-david", "label": "David Makes Jerusalem the Capital", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "David unites the tribes, captures Jerusalem, and receives the promise of an enduring dynasty.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0990-01-01", "end": "-0990-12-31", "label": "991 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "david" }, "canonicalOrder": 32, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ark-davidic-covenant-david", "title": "The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant precedes David Makes Jerusalem the Capital", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant before David Makes Jerusalem the Capital.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "canonical-event-david" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-david-absalom-revolt", "title": "David Makes Jerusalem the Capital precedes Absalom’s Revolt Against David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Makes Jerusalem the Capital before Absalom’s Revolt Against David.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-david", "canonical-event-absalom-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "label": "David Captures Jerusalem", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "David takes the Jebusite stronghold, makes it his capital, and creates a political center not previously controlled by either Judah or the northern tribes.", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1003-01-01", "end": "-1003-12-31", "label": "1004 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "david-captures-jerusalem" }, "canonicalOrder": 32.1, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-david-captures-jerusalem-ark-davidic-covenant", "title": "David Captures Jerusalem precedes The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Captures Jerusalem before The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "title": "Tel Dan Stele", "publisher": "The Jewish Museum / Israel Museum loan", "url": "https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tel-dan-stele/" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "label": "The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "David transfers the Ark to Jerusalem and receives the dynastic promise that becomes central to later royal and messianic theology.", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-1000-01-01", "end": "-1000-12-31", "label": "1001 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ark-davidic-covenant" }, "canonicalOrder": 32.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-david-captures-jerusalem-ark-davidic-covenant", "title": "David Captures Jerusalem precedes The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Captures Jerusalem before The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ark-davidic-covenant-david", "title": "The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant precedes David Makes Jerusalem the Capital", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant before David Makes Jerusalem the Capital.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "canonical-event-david" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "title": "Tel Dan Stele", "publisher": "The Jewish Museum / Israel Museum loan", "url": "https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tel-dan-stele/" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "label": "Absalom’s Revolt Against David", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Absalom seizes political momentum, is proclaimed king, and forces David to evacuate Jerusalem before the rebellion collapses and David is restored.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0977-01-01", "end": "-0977-12-31", "label": "978 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "absalom-revolt" }, "canonicalOrder": 32.3, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-david-absalom-revolt", "title": "David Makes Jerusalem the Capital precedes Absalom’s Revolt Against David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Makes Jerusalem the Capital before Absalom’s Revolt Against David.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-david", "canonical-event-absalom-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-absalom-revolt-first-temple-dedication", "title": "Absalom’s Revolt Against David precedes Construction and Dedication of the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Absalom’s Revolt Against David before Construction and Dedication of the First Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-solomon", "label": "Solomon and the First Temple", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Solomon builds the Jerusalem Temple and presides over a prosperous but heavily administered kingdom.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0950-01-01", "end": "-0950-12-31", "label": "951 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "solomon" }, "canonicalOrder": 33, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-first-temple-dedication-solomon", "title": "Construction and Dedication of the First Temple precedes Solomon and the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Construction and Dedication of the First Temple before Solomon and the First Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "canonical-event-solomon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-cyrus-diaspora", "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-solomon-divided-kingdom", "title": "Solomon and the First Temple precedes The Kingdom Divides", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Solomon and the First Temple before The Kingdom Divides.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-solomon", "canonical-event-divided-kingdom" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "label": "Construction and Dedication of the First Temple", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Solomon organizes labor and international supply networks to build and dedicate the Jerusalem Temple.", "sourceIds": [ "met-cyrus-diaspora", "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0962-01-01", "end": "-0962-12-31", "label": "963 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "first-temple-dedication" }, "canonicalOrder": 33.1, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-absalom-revolt-first-temple-dedication", "title": "Absalom’s Revolt Against David precedes Construction and Dedication of the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Absalom’s Revolt Against David before Construction and Dedication of the First Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-temple-dedication-solomon", "title": "Construction and Dedication of the First Temple precedes Solomon and the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Construction and Dedication of the First Temple before Solomon and the First Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "canonical-event-solomon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-cyrus-diaspora", "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "label": "The Kingdom Divides", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel divides into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "standard-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0931-01-01", "end": "-0931-12-31", "label": "932 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "divided-kingdom" }, "canonicalOrder": 34, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-solomon-divided-kingdom", "title": "Solomon and the First Temple precedes The Kingdom Divides", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Solomon and the First Temple before The Kingdom Divides.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-solomon", "canonical-event-divided-kingdom" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-divided-kingdom-shoshenq-campaign", "title": "The Kingdom Divides precedes Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Kingdom Divides before Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "label": "Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The campaign of Shoshenq I is one of the earliest major external synchronisms for the divided monarchy.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0925-01-01", "end": "-0925-12-31", "label": "926 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "shoshenq-campaign" }, "canonicalOrder": 35, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-divided-kingdom-shoshenq-campaign", "title": "The Kingdom Divides precedes Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Kingdom Divides before Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-shoshenq-campaign-omri-samaria", "title": "Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel precedes Omri Founds Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel before Omri Founds Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "canonical-event-omri-samaria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "label": "Omri Founds Samaria", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Omri purchases the hill of Samaria and establishes a durable northern capital that gives his dynasty and kingdom a new geopolitical center.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0880-01-01", "end": "-0880-12-31", "label": "881 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "omri-samaria" }, "canonicalOrder": 35.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-shoshenq-campaign-omri-samaria", "title": "Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel precedes Omri Founds Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel before Omri Founds Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "canonical-event-omri-samaria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-omri-samaria-elijah-carmel", "title": "Omri Founds Samaria precedes Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Omri Founds Samaria before Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "canonical-event-elijah-carmel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria-iberia", "title": "Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "label": "Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Elijah challenges Ahab’s royal religious program during drought and conflict, culminating in the Mount Carmel confrontation and flight to Horeb.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0856-01-01", "end": "-0856-12-31", "label": "857 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "elijah-carmel" }, "canonicalOrder": 35.7, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-omri-samaria-elijah-carmel", "title": "Omri Founds Samaria precedes Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Omri Founds Samaria before Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "canonical-event-elijah-carmel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-elijah-carmel-qarqar", "title": "Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation precedes Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation before Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "canonical-event-qarqar" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria-iberia", "title": "Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-qarqar", "label": "Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ahab of Israel and Hadadezer of Damascus appear together in Shalmaneser III’s anti-Assyrian coalition at Qarqar, providing a strong external context for the otherwise unexplained three-year Israel–Aram truce preserved in 1 Kings 22:1.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681" ], "confidence": "documented-with-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0853-01-01", "end": "-0853-12-31", "label": "854 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "qarqar" }, "canonicalOrder": 36, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-elijah-carmel-qarqar", "title": "Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation precedes Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation before Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "canonical-event-qarqar" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-qarqar-hazael-aram-damascus", "title": "Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce precedes Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce before Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-qarqar", "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "src-dc5565089681", "title": "Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1863-0619-2" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "label": "Elisha and the Aramean Wars", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Elisha’s cycle spans dynastic upheaval, famine, warfare with Aram-Damascus, and the rise of Jehu’s house.", "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "broad-historical-fit", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0825-01-01", "end": "-0825-12-31", "label": "826 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "elisha-aramean-wars" }, "canonicalOrder": 36.5, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-tel-dan-stele-elisha-aramean-wars", "title": "The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David precedes Elisha and the Aramean Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David before Elisha and the Aramean Wars.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med", "louvre-mesha", "met-assyria" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-elisha-aramean-wars-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "title": "Elisha and the Aramean Wars precedes Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elisha and the Aramean Wars before Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "louvre-mesha", "title": "Stèle de Mesha", "publisher": "Musée du Louvre", "url": "https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010120339" }, { "id": "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "title": "Tel Dan Stele", "publisher": "The Jewish Museum / Israel Museum loan", "url": "https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tel-dan-stele/" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "label": "Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Hazael’s accession marks the emergence of an aggressive Aram-Damascus power that dominates the political setting of Jehu’s revolution and the following generation.", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0842-01-01", "end": "-0842-12-31", "label": "843 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hazael-aram-damascus" }, "canonicalOrder": 36.8, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-qarqar-hazael-aram-damascus", "title": "Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce precedes Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce before Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-qarqar", "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-hazael-aram-damascus-jehu", "title": "Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah precedes Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah before Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "canonical-event-jehu" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "bm-black-obelisk" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "title": "Tel Dan Stele", "publisher": "The Jewish Museum / Israel Museum loan", "url": "https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tel-dan-stele/" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jehu", "label": "Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The northern kingdom submits tribute to the expanding Assyrian Empire.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0841-01-01", "end": "-0841-12-31", "label": "842 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jehu" }, "canonicalOrder": 37, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-hazael-aram-damascus-jehu", "title": "Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah precedes Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah before Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "canonical-event-jehu" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "bm-black-obelisk" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jehu-mesha-stele", "title": "Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria precedes The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria before The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehu", "canonical-event-mesha-stele" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria", "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-black-obelisk", "title": "Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1848-1104-1" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "label": "Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After Ahaziah’s death, Athaliah seizes the throne; the child Joash is hidden in the Temple and installed six years later through Jehoiada’s coup.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "textually-attested", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0838-01-01", "end": "-0838-12-31", "label": "839 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "athaliah-joash-restoration" }, "canonicalOrder": 37.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-mesha-stele-athaliah-joash-restoration", "title": "The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt precedes Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt before Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-athaliah-joash-restoration-tel-dan-stele", "title": "Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line precedes The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line before The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "label": "The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Mesha’s inscription provides a Moabite royal account of conflict with Israel and an invaluable non-biblical perspective on the Omride world.", "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0840-01-01", "end": "-0840-12-31", "label": "841 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "mesha-stele" }, "canonicalOrder": 38, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jehu-mesha-stele", "title": "Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria precedes The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria before The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehu", "canonical-event-mesha-stele" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria", "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-mesha-stele-athaliah-joash-restoration", "title": "The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt precedes Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt before Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "louvre-mesha", "title": "Stèle de Mesha", "publisher": "Musée du Louvre", "url": "https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010120339" }, { "id": "louvre-mesha-fragments", "title": "Stèle de Mesha (fragments)", "publisher": "Musée du Louvre", "url": "https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010165786" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "label": "The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "An Aramaic victory inscription refers to the king of Israel and the House of David, externally attesting a Davidic dynastic designation.", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0830-01-01", "end": "-0830-12-31", "label": "831 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "tel-dan-stele" }, "canonicalOrder": 39, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-athaliah-joash-restoration-tel-dan-stele", "title": "Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line precedes The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line before The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-tel-dan-stele-elisha-aramean-wars", "title": "The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David precedes Elisha and the Aramean Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David before Elisha and the Aramean Wars.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med", "louvre-mesha", "met-assyria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "title": "Tel Dan Stele", "publisher": "The Jewish Museum / Israel Museum loan", "url": "https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tel-dan-stele/" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "label": "Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The project adopts Adad-nirari III as the leading historical candidate for the unnamed “savior” of 2 Kings 13:5: his campaigns broke the Aramean pressure that had reduced Israel under Jehoahaz, and the Tell al-Rimah stele later records tribute from Joash the Samarian.", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari" ], "confidence": "plausible-identification", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0801-01-01", "end": "-0801-12-31", "label": "802 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction" }, "canonicalOrder": 39.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-elisha-aramean-wars-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "title": "Elisha and the Aramean Wars precedes Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elisha and the Aramean Wars before Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction-jeroboam-uzziah", "title": "Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” precedes Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” before Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "title": "Adad-nirari III 07 — Tell al-Rimah Stele (RIMA 3 A.0.104.7)", "publisher": "ORACC / Royal Inscriptions of Assyria Online", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/ria5/Q004755" }, { "id": "lexham-adad-nirari", "title": "Adad-Nirari III", "publisher": "Lexham Bible Dictionary / Biblia", "url": "https://biblia.com/books/lbd/article/ADADNIRARI3%245FPERSON.ROYAL%245FNAME%245FAND%245FTITLES" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "label": "Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jeroboam II’s territorial recovery and the eighth-century prosperity of Israel are placed within a regional power vacuum created by the weakening of Aram-Damascus and a temporary lull in direct Assyrian pressure.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "historically-supported-reconstruction", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0760-01-01", "end": "-0760-12-31", "label": "761 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jeroboam-uzziah" }, "canonicalOrder": 40, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction-jeroboam-uzziah", "title": "Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” precedes Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” before Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jeroboam-uzziah-tiglath-pileser", "title": "Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum precedes 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum before 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "label": "Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Israel’s king Menahem enters the Assyrian tribute system as Tiglath-pileser III expands westward, providing a direct bridge between the biblical regnal narrative and Neo-Assyrian imperial records.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0738-01-01", "end": "-0738-12-31", "label": "739 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "menahem-tribute-assyria" }, "canonicalOrder": 40.7, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-tiglath-pileser-menahem-tribute-assyria", "title": "745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion precedes Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion before Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-menahem-tribute-assyria-syro-ephraimite", "title": "Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III precedes The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III before The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "label": "745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Tiglath-pileser III’s accession in 745 BCE reverses decades of Assyrian weakness and launches the expansionist system that drives Menahem’s tribute, the Syro-Ephraimite crisis, the destruction of Damascus, the truncation of Israel, and ultimately Samaria’s fall.", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0745-01-01", "end": "-0745-12-31", "label": "746 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "tiglath-pileser" }, "canonicalOrder": 41, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jeroboam-uzziah-tiglath-pileser", "title": "Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum precedes 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum before 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-tiglath-pileser-menahem-tribute-assyria", "title": "745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion precedes Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion before Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Tiglath-pileser III", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Kings/Tiglath-pileserIII/index.html" }, { "id": "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Israel, the House of Omri under Tiglath-pileser III", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Countries/Israel/index.html" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "label": "The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The crisis explains the political setting of Isaiah’s Immanuel prophecy and Judah’s turn toward Assyrian protection.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0733-01-01", "end": "-0733-12-31", "label": "734 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "syro-ephraimite" }, "canonicalOrder": 42, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-menahem-tribute-assyria-syro-ephraimite", "title": "Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III precedes The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III before The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-syro-ephraimite-assyria-damascus-galilee", "title": "The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis precedes Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis before Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "label": "Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Tiglath-pileser III destroys the anti-Assyrian coalition, annexes Damascus, and removes northern Israelite territories and populations.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0732-01-01", "end": "-0732-12-31", "label": "733 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "assyria-damascus-galilee" }, "canonicalOrder": 42.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-syro-ephraimite-assyria-damascus-galilee", "title": "The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis precedes Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis before Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-assyria-damascus-galilee-samaria-falls", "title": "Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee precedes Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee before Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "canonical-event-samaria-falls" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "label": "Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Assyria besieges and captures Samaria, ending the northern kingdom as an independent state and deporting part of its population.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0722-01-01", "end": "-0722-12-31", "label": "723 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "samaria-falls" }, "canonicalOrder": 43, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-assyria-damascus-galilee-samaria-falls", "title": "Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee precedes Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee before Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "canonical-event-samaria-falls" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-samaria-falls-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "title": "Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria precedes Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria before Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "label": "Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Within roughly two years of Samaria’s fall, Sargon II suppresses a broad western rebellion led from Hamath in which his inscriptions include Samaria/Israel among the participating territories. This shows that Assyrian consolidation of the former northern kingdom was a contested process rather than a single clean endpoint in 722/721 BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0720-01-01", "end": "-0720-12-31", "label": "721 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "yau-bidi-western-revolt" }, "canonicalOrder": 43.4, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-samaria-falls-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "title": "Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria precedes Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria before Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-yau-bidi-western-revolt-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "title": "Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria precedes Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria before Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oracc-sargon-ii", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Sargon II, King of Assyria", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/essentials/kings/sargonii/" }, { "id": "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap", "title": "RINAP 2 — Sargon II Royal Inscription on Yau-bi’di’s Revolt", "publisher": "ORACC / Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap2/Q006562" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel", "label": "Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jerusalem’s water systems and inscriptions illuminate preparations for Assyrian invasion and the administrative world of Hezekiah.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-shebna", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-lachish" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0701-01-01", "end": "-0701-12-31", "label": "702 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hezekiah-tunnel" }, "canonicalOrder": 44, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt-hezekiah-tunnel", "title": "Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt precedes Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt before Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-shebna", "bm-lachish" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-shebna", "title": "The Shebna / Royal Steward Inscription", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1871-1107-1" }, { "id": "bm-sennacherib-prism", "title": "The Sennacherib Prism", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1855-1003-1" }, { "id": "bm-lachish", "title": "Assyria: Siege of Lachish", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/assyria-lion-hunts" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "label": "Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The consolidation of Kushite rule in Egypt creates the only southern great-power counterweight capable of encouraging Levantine resistance to Assyria, supplying the geopolitical background to Isaiah’s repeated warnings against reliance on Egypt and Cush and to the appearance of Tirhakah in the 701 BCE crisis.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-taharqa-701", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0710-01-01", "end": "-0710-12-31", "label": "711 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context" }, "canonicalOrder": 44.55, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ashdod-revolt-sargon-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "title": "Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt precedes Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt before Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-taharqa-701" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context-merodach-baladan-embassy", "title": "Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria precedes Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria before Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-taharqa-701", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-taharqa-701", "title": "ISAC — Taharqa before His Accession and the 701 BCE Problem", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc40.pdf" }, { "id": "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Gaza, Ashdod and the Other Philistine Kingdoms", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Countries/Philistia/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "label": "Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Sargon II suppresses Ashdod’s revolt and turns the city into an Assyrian province, creating the immediate international crisis behind Isaiah 20’s dated sign-act.", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0711-01-01", "end": "-0711-12-31", "label": "712 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ashdod-revolt-sargon" }, "canonicalOrder": 44.7, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-yau-bidi-western-revolt-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "title": "Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria precedes Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria before Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ashdod-revolt-sargon-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "title": "Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt precedes Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt before Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-taharqa-701" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Gaza, Ashdod and the Other Philistine Kingdoms", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/Essentials/Countries/Philistia/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "label": "Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The biblical court narrative places envoys from the independently attested Babylonian ruler Marduk-apla-iddina II (Merodach-baladan) at Hezekiah’s court during the anti-Assyrian struggles of the late eighth century BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0708-01-01", "end": "-0708-12-31", "label": "709 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "merodach-baladan-embassy" }, "canonicalOrder": 44.9, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context-merodach-baladan-embassy", "title": "Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria precedes Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria before Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-taharqa-701", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-merodach-baladan-embassy-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "title": "Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah precedes Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah before Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "bm-sennacherib-prism" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "title": "ISAC — Marduk-apla-iddina II and the Merodach-baladan Tradition", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/collections/highlights/highlights-collection-men" }, { "id": "met-assyria-iberia", "title": "Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "label": "Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Sargon II’s unexpected battlefield death in 705 BCE and the accession of Sennacherib create the imperial succession crisis in which Merodach-baladan and western vassals renew resistance. The project adopts this shock as the most natural external trigger for the rebellion cycle that culminates in Sennacherib’s 701 BCE invasion of Judah.", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "bm-sennacherib-prism" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0705-01-01", "end": "-0705-12-31", "label": "706 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt" }, "canonicalOrder": 44.95, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-merodach-baladan-embassy-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "title": "Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah precedes Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah before Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "bm-sennacherib-prism" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt-hezekiah-tunnel", "title": "Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt precedes Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt before Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-shebna", "bm-lachish" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oracc-sargon-ii", "title": "Assyrian Empire Builders — Sargon II, King of Assyria", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/aebp/essentials/kings/sargonii/" }, { "id": "oracc-sargon-death-705", "title": "Nimrud / ORACC — Sargon II’s Death in Battle", "publisher": "ORACC / University of Pennsylvania", "url": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/nimrud/ancientkalhu/thecity/nabustemple/" }, { "id": "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "title": "ISAC — Marduk-apla-iddina II and the Merodach-baladan Tradition", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/collections/highlights/highlights-collection-men" }, { "id": "bm-sennacherib-prism", "title": "The Sennacherib Prism", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1855-1003-1" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-sennacherib", "label": "Sennacherib Invades Judah", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Assyria devastates Judah, captures Lachish, and threatens Jerusalem during Hezekiah’s reign.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria", "isac-taharqa-701" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0701-01-01", "end": "-0701-12-31", "label": "702 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "sennacherib" }, "canonicalOrder": 45, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-sennacherib-manasseh-reign", "title": "Sennacherib Invades Judah precedes Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sennacherib Invades Judah before Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sennacherib", "canonical-event-manasseh-reign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria", "isac-taharqa-701", "met-assyria-iberia" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-lachish", "title": "Assyria: Siege of Lachish", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/assyria-lion-hunts" }, { "id": "bm-sennacherib-prism", "title": "The Sennacherib Prism", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1855-1003-1" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "isac-taharqa-701", "title": "ISAC — Taharqa before His Accession and the 701 BCE Problem", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc40.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "label": "Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Manasseh’s long reign follows the Assyrian crisis under Hezekiah and embeds Judah more deeply in the imperial order.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-assyria-iberia" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0670-01-01", "end": "-0670-12-31", "label": "671 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "manasseh-reign" }, "canonicalOrder": 45.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-sennacherib-manasseh-reign", "title": "Sennacherib Invades Judah precedes Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sennacherib Invades Judah before Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-sennacherib", "canonical-event-manasseh-reign" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria", "isac-taharqa-701", "met-assyria-iberia" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-manasseh-reign-josiah", "title": "Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage precedes Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage before Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "canonical-event-josiah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-assyria-iberia", "title": "Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "label": "Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The destruction of Nineveh in 612 BCE and Assyria’s final retreat toward Harran create the power vacuum that draws Egypt north, setting up Necho II’s passage through Judah, Josiah’s death at Megiddo, and Babylon’s eventual supremacy.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0612-01-01", "end": "-0612-12-31", "label": "613 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "fall-nineveh-assyria" }, "canonicalOrder": 45.8, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-scroll-passover-fall-nineveh-assyria", "title": "The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover precedes Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover before Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel", "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-fall-nineveh-assyria-josiah-death-megiddo", "title": "Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses precedes Josiah Dies at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses before Josiah Dies at Megiddo.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle for 616–609 BCE (BM 21901)", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-6" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-josiah", "label": "Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Josiah renews covenant worship as Assyrian control weakens.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "standard-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0625-01-01", "end": "-0625-12-31", "label": "626 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "josiah" }, "canonicalOrder": 46, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-manasseh-reign-josiah", "title": "Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage precedes Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage before Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "canonical-event-josiah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-josiah-scroll-passover", "title": "Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse precedes The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse before The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah", "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "label": "The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A scroll found during Temple repairs triggers covenant renewal, cultic reform, and a major Passover under Josiah.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0621-01-01", "end": "-0621-12-31", "label": "622 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "josiah-scroll-passover" }, "canonicalOrder": 46.1, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-josiah-scroll-passover", "title": "Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse precedes The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse before The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah", "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-scroll-passover-fall-nineveh-assyria", "title": "The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover precedes Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover before Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel", "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-late-egypt", "title": "Egypt in the Late Period (ca. 664–332 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/egypt-in-the-late-period-ca-712-332-b-c" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "label": "Josiah Dies at Megiddo", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Josiah is killed during Pharaoh Necho II’s northern campaign, ending Judah’s reform era and beginning rapid subordination to Egypt and Babylon.", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0609-01-01", "end": "-0609-12-31", "label": "610 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "josiah-death-megiddo" }, "canonicalOrder": 46.2, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-fall-nineveh-assyria-josiah-death-megiddo", "title": "Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses precedes Josiah Dies at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses before Josiah Dies at Megiddo.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-death-megiddo-carchemish", "title": "Josiah Dies at Megiddo precedes Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah Dies at Megiddo before Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "canonical-event-carchemish" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-late-egypt", "title": "Egypt in the Late Period (ca. 664–332 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/egypt-in-the-late-period-ca-712-332-b-c" }, { "id": "bm-chronicle-general", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1884-0211-356" }, { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" }, { "id": "met-necho-ii-levant", "title": "Lion with the Names of Pharaoh Necho II", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/828678" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "label": "Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After Josiah’s death, Judah passes through rapid royal succession and foreign domination: Jehoahaz is removed by Egypt, Jehoiakim rules under Egyptian and then Babylonian pressure, Jehoiachin is deported in 597 BCE, and Zedekiah is installed by Babylon.", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0603-01-01", "end": "-0603-12-31", "label": "604 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "judah-final-kings-transition" }, "canonicalOrder": 46.5, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-carchemish-judah-final-kings-transition", "title": "Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish precedes Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish before Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-carchemish", "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-judah-final-kings-transition-jerusalem-586", "title": "Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah precedes Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah before Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "canonical-event-jerusalem-586" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-late-egypt", "title": "Egypt in the Late Period (ca. 664–332 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/egypt-in-the-late-period-ca-712-332-b-c" }, { "id": "bm-chronicle-general", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1884-0211-356" }, { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-carchemish", "label": "Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Nebuchadnezzar destroys Egyptian power in Syria and brings Judah into Babylon’s sphere.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0605-01-01", "end": "-0605-12-31", "label": "606 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "carchemish" }, "canonicalOrder": 47, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-death-megiddo-carchemish", "title": "Josiah Dies at Megiddo precedes Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah Dies at Megiddo before Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "canonical-event-carchemish" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-carchemish-judah-final-kings-transition", "title": "Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish precedes Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish before Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-carchemish", "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" }, { "id": "met-mesopotamia", "title": "Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wam.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "label": "Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Daniel 1 places a first transfer of Judean elites and Temple vessels at the beginning of Babylonian dominance.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-chronicle-general", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0605-01-01", "end": "-0605-12-31", "label": "606 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "daniel-first-captives" }, "canonicalOrder": 47.2, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-daniel-first-captives-first-babylonian-exile", "title": "Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon precedes Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon before Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-chronicle-general", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-chronicle-general", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1884-0211-356" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "label": "Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Babylonian Chronicle directly anchors Nebuchadnezzar’s capture of Jerusalem in 597 BCE, the removal of Jehoiachin, and installation of a replacement king, creating the exilic community addressed by Ezekiel.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0597-01-01", "end": "-0597-12-31", "label": "598 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "first-babylonian-exile" }, "canonicalOrder": 48, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-daniel-first-captives-first-babylonian-exile", "title": "Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon precedes Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon before Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-chronicle-general", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-babylonian-exile-ezekiel-call", "title": "Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin precedes Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin before Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "canonical-event-ezekiel-call" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" }, { "id": "met-mesopotamia", "title": "Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wam.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "label": "Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Ezekiel receives his prophetic commission among the Judean deportees by the Chebar canal and begins a series of unusually precise dated oracles.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0592-01-01", "end": "-0592-12-31", "label": "593 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ezekiel-call" }, "canonicalOrder": 48.2, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-first-babylonian-exile-ezekiel-call", "title": "Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin precedes Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin before Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "canonical-event-ezekiel-call" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ezekiel-call-lachish-letters", "title": "Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon precedes The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon before The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "canonical-event-lachish-letters" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "label": "The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Military ostraca from Lachish preserve the anxious administrative language of Judah’s final days.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0588-01-01", "end": "-0588-12-31", "label": "589 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "lachish-letters" }, "canonicalOrder": 49, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ezekiel-call-lachish-letters", "title": "Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon precedes The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon before The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "canonical-event-lachish-letters" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-lachish-letters-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "title": "The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense precedes Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense before Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-lachish-letter1", "title": "Lachish Ostracon I", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1959-0711-1" }, { "id": "bm-lachish-letter2", "title": "Lachish Ostracon II", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1959-0711-2" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jerusalem-586", "label": "Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Babylon destroys Jerusalem, ends the Davidic monarchy, and exiles much of Judah’s leadership.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0586-01-01", "end": "-0586-12-31", "label": "587 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-586" }, "canonicalOrder": 50, "canonicalEra": "Divided Kingdom and Assyria", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-judah-final-kings-transition-jerusalem-586", "title": "Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah precedes Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah before Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "canonical-event-jerusalem-586" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" }, { "id": "met-mesopotamia", "title": "Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wam.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "label": "Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A fugitive reaches Ezekiel’s community with confirmation that Jerusalem has fallen, marking the turn from warning to restoration in the book.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0585-01-01", "end": "-0585-12-31", "label": "586 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel" }, "canonicalOrder": 50.2, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-lachish-letters-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "title": "The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense precedes Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense before Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel-gedaliah-aftermath", "title": "Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel precedes Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel before Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "label": "Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The assassination of Gedaliah and flight to Egypt show that Judah’s collapse continued after Jerusalem’s destruction.", "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0583-01-01", "end": "-0583-12-31", "label": "584 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "gedaliah-aftermath" }, "canonicalOrder": 51, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel-gedaliah-aftermath", "title": "Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel precedes Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel before Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-gedaliah-aftermath-jehoiachin-released", "title": "Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction precedes Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction before Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-mesopotamia", "title": "Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wam.html" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "label": "Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Evil-merodach releases the exiled Judean king Jehoiachin and grants him a place at the royal table.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0560-01-01", "end": "-0560-12-31", "label": "561 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jehoiachin-released" }, "canonicalOrder": 51.3, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-gedaliah-aftermath-jehoiachin-released", "title": "Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction precedes Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction before Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jehoiachin-released-zerubbabel-return", "title": "Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment precedes Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment before Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "title": "Babylonian Chronicle: Nebuchadnezzar’s Jerusalem Campaign", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1896-0409-51" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-belshazzar-fall-babylon", "label": "Belshazzar, Nabonidus, and the Fall of Babylon", "domain": "Exile and Persian Transition", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Daniel’s Belshazzar setting is placed against the final Neo-Babylonian regime immediately before Cyrus captures Babylon.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-nabonidus-belshazzar-cylinder", "met-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0539-01-01", "end": "-0539-12-31", "label": "540 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "belshazzar-fall-babylon" }, "canonicalOrder": 51.8, "canonicalEra": "Exile and Persian Transition", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-nabonidus-belshazzar-cylinder", "title": "Nabonidus Cylinder naming Belshazzar", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_K-1692" }, { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-cyrus", "label": "Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Persian rule permits Judean exiles to return and rebuild the Temple.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0539-01-01", "end": "-0539-12-31", "label": "540 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "cyrus" }, "canonicalOrder": 52, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-cyrus-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "title": "Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return precedes Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return before Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-cyrus", "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-behistun-darius" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return", "label": "Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel", "domain": "Exile and Restoration", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The first return and altar restoration begin the long reconstruction of Judean communal life.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "confidence": "biblical-chronology", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0530-01-01", "end": "-0530-12-31", "label": "531 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "zerubbabel-return" }, "canonicalOrder": 53, "canonicalEra": "Babylonian Exile and Persian Return", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jehoiachin-released-zerubbabel-return", "title": "Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment precedes Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment before Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "bm-cyrus-cylinder", "title": "The Cyrus Cylinder", "publisher": "British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1880-0617-1941" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "label": "Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "In Darius I’s second year, Haggai and Zechariah catalyze the renewed construction that leads to the Second Temple’s completion.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "iranica-behistun-darius" ], "confidence": "standard-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0520-01-01", "end": "-0520-12-31", "label": "521 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "haggai-zechariah-temple-restart" }, "canonicalOrder": 53.5, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-cyrus-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "title": "Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return precedes Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return before Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-cyrus", "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-behistun-darius" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart-second-temple", "title": "Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project precedes The Second Temple Completed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project before The Second Temple Completed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "canonical-event-second-temple" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "iranica-behistun-darius", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "iranica-behistun-darius", "title": "Bisotun III: Darius’s Inscriptions", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bisotun-iii/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-second-temple", "label": "The Second Temple Completed", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jerusalem again possesses a functioning Temple, but no independent Davidic king.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "standard-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0516-01-01", "end": "-0516-12-31", "label": "517 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "second-temple" }, "canonicalOrder": 54, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart-second-temple", "title": "Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project precedes The Second Temple Completed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project before The Second Temple Completed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "canonical-event-second-temple" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "iranica-behistun-darius", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-second-temple-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "title": "The Second Temple Completed precedes Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Second Temple Completed before Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-second-temple", "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "label": "Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Esther opens in Ahasuerus’s third year. Under the Xerxes I identification this falls about 483 BCE, before the king’s invasion of Greece.", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "textual-synchronism", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0483-01-01", "end": "-0483-12-31", "label": "484 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "xerxes-third-year-banquet" }, "canonicalOrder": 54.21, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-second-temple-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "title": "The Second Temple Completed precedes Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Second Temple Completed before Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-second-temple", "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-third-year-banquet-xerxes-greek-invasion", "title": "Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti precedes Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti before Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "iranica-esther", "title": "Esther, Book of", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esther-book-of/" }, { "id": "iranica-ahasuerus", "title": "Ahasuerus", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahasureus/" }, { "id": "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "title": "Courts and Courtiers i. In the Median and Achaemenid Periods", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/courts-and-courtiers-i/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "label": "Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The famous Greek campaign falls inside Esther’s otherwise unexplained four-year interval between Ahasuerus’s third and seventh years.", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-ahasuerus" ], "confidence": "externally-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0480-01-01", "end": "-0480-12-31", "label": "481 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "xerxes-greek-invasion" }, "canonicalOrder": 54.22, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-third-year-banquet-xerxes-greek-invasion", "title": "Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti precedes Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti before Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-greek-invasion-esther-persian-court", "title": "Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea precedes Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea before Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "canonical-event-esther-persian-court" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-esther", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "iranica-ahasuerus", "title": "Ahasuerus", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahasureus/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "label": "Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "In Ahasuerus’s seventh regnal year, Esther is elevated within the royal court at Susa. The project follows the strong conventional identification Ahasuerus = Xerxes I while keeping Esther’s personal identification uncorroborated externally.", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0478-01-01", "end": "-0478-12-31", "label": "479 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "esther-persian-court" }, "canonicalOrder": 54.23, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-greek-invasion-esther-persian-court", "title": "Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea precedes Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea before Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "canonical-event-esther-persian-court" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-esther", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-esther-persian-court-purim-crisis", "title": "Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I precedes Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I before Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "canonical-event-purim-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "iranica-purim" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "iranica-esther", "title": "Esther, Book of", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esther-book-of/" }, { "id": "iranica-ahasuerus", "title": "Ahasuerus", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahasureus/" }, { "id": "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "title": "Mordecai, the Persepolis Tablets, and the Susa Excavations", "publisher": "Vetus Testamentum 42.2 / Brill", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1519506" }, { "id": "clines-mordecai-1991", "title": "In Quest of the Historical Mordecai", "publisher": "Vetus Testamentum 41.2 / Brill", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1518885" }, { "id": "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "title": "Susa iii. The Achaemenid Period", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/susa-iii-the-achaemenid-period/" }, { "id": "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "title": "Courts and Courtiers i. In the Median and Achaemenid Periods", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/courts-and-courtiers-i/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "label": "Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Haman’s decree, Esther’s intervention, and the reversal of the threatened violence become the narrative basis for the festival of Purim.", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-purim", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "traditional-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0473-01-01", "end": "-0473-12-31", "label": "474 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "purim-crisis" }, "canonicalOrder": 54.3, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-esther-persian-court-purim-crisis", "title": "Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I precedes Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I before Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "canonical-event-purim-crisis" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "iranica-purim" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-purim-crisis-ezra-nehemiah", "title": "Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim precedes Ezra and Nehemiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim before Ezra and Nehemiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-purim", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "met-achaemenid" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "iranica-esther", "title": "Esther, Book of", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esther-book-of/" }, { "id": "iranica-purim", "title": "Festivals vi–viii: Jewish Festivals in Persia", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/festivals-vi-vii-viii/" }, { "id": "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "title": "Courts and Courtiers i. In the Median and Achaemenid Periods", "publisher": "Encyclopaedia Iranica", "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/courts-and-courtiers-i/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah", "label": "Ezra and Nehemiah", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Torah instruction, covenant renewal, and rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls reshape the restored community.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "traditional-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0450-01-01", "end": "-0450-12-31", "label": "451 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ezra-nehemiah" }, "canonicalOrder": 55, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-purim-crisis-ezra-nehemiah", "title": "Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim precedes Ezra and Nehemiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim before Ezra and Nehemiah.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-purim", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "met-achaemenid" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "label": "Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Nehemiah receives Persian authorization, surveys Jerusalem, organizes the wall project, and completes it amid local opposition.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0444-01-01", "end": "-0444-12-31", "label": "445 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "nehemiah-wall" }, "canonicalOrder": 55.2, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-elephantine-community-nehemiah-wall", "title": "The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine precedes Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine before Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "asor-elephantine", "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-nehemiah-wall-malachi-late-persian", "title": "Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall precedes Malachi and the Late Persian Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall before Malachi and the Late Persian Community.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" }, { "id": "asor-elephantine", "title": "Judeans and Goddesses at Elephantine", "publisher": "American Society of Overseas Research", "url": "https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/11/Judeans-and-Goddesses-at-Elephantine" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "label": "Malachi and the Late Persian Community", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Malachi addresses priestly corruption, social injustice, covenant fidelity, and expectation within the restored Temple community.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ], "confidence": "broad-historical-fit", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0440-01-01", "end": "-0440-12-31", "label": "441 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "malachi-late-persian" }, "canonicalOrder": 55.3, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-nehemiah-wall-malachi-late-persian", "title": "Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall precedes Malachi and the Late Persian Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall before Malachi and the Late Persian Community.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-malachi-late-persian-alexander", "title": "Malachi and the Late Persian Community precedes Alexander Conquers the Levant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Malachi and the Late Persian Community before Alexander Conquers the Levant.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "canonical-event-alexander" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" }, { "id": "met-cyrus-diaspora", "title": "Cyrus and the Judean Diaspora", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/cyrus-and-the-judean-diaspora" }, { "id": "asor-elephantine", "title": "Judeans and Goddesses at Elephantine", "publisher": "American Society of Overseas Research", "url": "https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/11/Judeans-and-Goddesses-at-Elephantine" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "label": "The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Aramaic papyri reveal a Judean military community in Egypt with its own temple and complex religious practices.", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "asor-elephantine" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0450-01-01", "end": "-0450-12-31", "label": "451 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "elephantine-community" }, "canonicalOrder": 56, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple and Persian Period", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-elephantine-community-nehemiah-wall", "title": "The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine precedes Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine before Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "asor-elephantine", "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-late-egypt", "title": "Egypt in the Late Period (ca. 664–332 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/egypt-in-the-late-period-ca-712-332-b-c" }, { "id": "asor-elephantine", "title": "Judeans and Goddesses at Elephantine", "publisher": "American Society of Overseas Research", "url": "https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/11/Judeans-and-Goddesses-at-Elephantine" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-alexander", "label": "Alexander Conquers the Levant", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Judea enters the Hellenistic world, where Greek language and institutions become increasingly influential.", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0332-01-01", "end": "-0332-12-31", "label": "333 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "alexander" }, "canonicalOrder": 57, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-malachi-late-persian-alexander", "title": "Malachi and the Late Persian Community precedes Alexander Conquers the Levant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Malachi and the Late Persian Community before Alexander Conquers the Levant.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "canonical-event-alexander" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-alexander-death-diadochi", "title": "Alexander Conquers the Levant precedes Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Conquers the Levant before Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander", "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "label": "Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Alexander’s death without a stable adult successor fractures his empire. The wars of the Successors create the Ptolemaic and Seleucid power systems that subsequently compete for Judea.", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0312-01-01", "end": "-0312-12-31", "label": "313 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "alexander-death-diadochi" }, "canonicalOrder": 57.5, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-alexander-death-diadochi", "title": "Alexander Conquers the Levant precedes Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Conquers the Levant before Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander", "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-death-diadochi-maccabees", "title": "Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin precedes Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin before Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "canonical-event-maccabees" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "bas-maccabees" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "label": "The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jewish scriptures are translated into Greek, creating the textual world later quoted extensively by New Testament authors.", "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0250-01-01", "end": "-0250-12-31", "label": "251 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "septuagint-origins" }, "canonicalOrder": 58, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-septuagint-origins-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "title": "The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture precedes Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture before Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "codex-sinaiticus", "title": "Codex Sinaiticus Project", "publisher": "British Library and partner institutions", "url": "https://www.codexsinaiticus.org/" }, { "id": "wacholder-lxx-440", "title": "Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/biblical-chronology-in-the-hellenistic-world-chronicles/A532F1CD835D7C42B9205EB216176D6E" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "label": "Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Judea passes through competing Hellenistic imperial systems that reshape taxation, cities, language, and elite politics.", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0220-01-01", "end": "-0220-12-31", "label": "221 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" }, "canonicalOrder": 59, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-septuagint-origins-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "title": "The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture precedes Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture before Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-battle-panium-seleucid", "title": "Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids precedes Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids before Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "label": "Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Antiochus III’s victory over Ptolemaic forces in the Fifth Syrian War transfers Coele-Syria and Judea into the Seleucid sphere, creating the political framework in which the later Antiochus IV crisis occurs.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198", "met-seleucid" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0200-01-01", "end": "-0200-12-31", "label": "201 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "battle-panium-seleucid" }, "canonicalOrder": 59.2, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-battle-panium-seleucid", "title": "Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids precedes Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids before Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-battle-panium-seleucid-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "title": "Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea precedes Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea before Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198", "met-seleucid", "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-panion-200", "title": "The Battle of Panion (200 B.C.)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/seleucid-army/battle-of-panion-200-bc/CC125ED635D11BD09F305B9D1BDA3E0A" }, { "id": "cambridge-judea-198", "title": "Judaism in Palestine in the Hellenistic-Roman Periods", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-religions-in-the-ancient-world/judaism-in-palestine-in-the-hellenisticroman-periods/EFCA00077B2C67DEED1EBD7F359E3540" }, { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "label": "Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Rome defeats Antiochus III and imposes the Peace of Apamea, sharply reducing Seleucid power and imposing heavy obligations; this forms part of the fiscal and geopolitical background to later Seleucid extraction and Judean temple politics.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea", "met-seleucid" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0188-01-01", "end": "-0188-12-31", "label": "189 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "magnesia-apamea-seleucid" }, "canonicalOrder": 59.4, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-battle-panium-seleucid-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "title": "Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea precedes Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea before Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198", "met-seleucid", "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-magnesia-apamea-seleucid-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "title": "Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire precedes Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire before Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea", "title": "The Hellenistic World: The Peace of Apamea and Seleucid Documents", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://assets.cambridge.org/052182/8600/toc/0521828600_toc.htm" }, { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "label": "Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A Roman ultimatum halts Antiochus IV’s Egyptian campaign in 168 BCE. His Egyptian wars and abrupt withdrawal form the immediate international backdrop to the Jerusalem crisis that erupts into the Maccabean revolt.", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0168-01-01", "end": "-0168-12-31", "label": "169 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum" }, "canonicalOrder": 59.7, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-magnesia-apamea-seleucid-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "title": "Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire precedes Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire before Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum-hasmonean-state", "title": "Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis precedes Hasmonean Independence and Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis before Hasmonean Independence and Expansion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "canonical-event-hasmonean-state" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "bas-maccabees", "title": "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?", "publisher": "Biblical Archaeology Society", "url": "https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/who-were-the-maccabees-and-what-did-they-do/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-maccabees", "label": "Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jewish resistance defeats Seleucid efforts to suppress traditional worship and rededicates the Temple.", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0165-01-01", "end": "-0165-12-31", "label": "166 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "maccabees" }, "canonicalOrder": 60, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-death-diadochi-maccabees", "title": "Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin precedes Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin before Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "canonical-event-maccabees" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "bas-maccabees" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-maccabees-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "title": "Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication precedes Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication before Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-maccabees", "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "oxford-hasmoneans" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "bas-maccabees", "title": "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?", "publisher": "Biblical Archaeology Society", "url": "https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/who-were-the-maccabees-and-what-did-they-do/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "label": "Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Rival Seleucid kings repeatedly court Jonathan and Simon for military support, converting Maccabean survival into offices, territorial concessions, tax relief, and finally effective independence.", "sourceIds": [ "oxford-hasmoneans", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0147-01-01", "end": "-0147-12-31", "label": "148 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "seleucid-dynastic-wars" }, "canonicalOrder": 60.5, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-maccabees-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "title": "Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication precedes Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication before Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-maccabees", "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "oxford-hasmoneans" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-seleucid-dynastic-wars-pompey", "title": "Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path precedes Pompey Enters Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path before Pompey Enters Jerusalem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "canonical-event-pompey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oxford-hasmoneans", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-pompey-syria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oxford-hasmoneans", "title": "Hasmoneans", "publisher": "Oxford Classical Dictionary / Oxford University Press", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61673/chapter-abstract/548933934" }, { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" }, { "id": "bas-maccabees", "title": "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?", "publisher": "Biblical Archaeology Society", "url": "https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/who-were-the-maccabees-and-what-did-they-do/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-hasmonean-state", "label": "Hasmonean Independence and Expansion", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The revolt develops into an independent Jewish state combining priestly and royal authority.", "sourceIds": [ "bas-maccabees", "met-seleucid" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0100-01-01", "end": "-0100-12-31", "label": "101 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "hasmonean-state" }, "canonicalOrder": 61, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum-hasmonean-state", "title": "Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis precedes Hasmonean Independence and Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis before Hasmonean Independence and Expansion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "canonical-event-hasmonean-state" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bas-maccabees", "title": "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?", "publisher": "Biblical Archaeology Society", "url": "https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/who-were-the-maccabees-and-what-did-they-do/" }, { "id": "met-seleucid", "title": "The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-seleucid-empire-323-64-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "label": "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The scrolls preserve biblical manuscripts, legal texts, apocalyptic writings, prayers, commentaries, and sectarian rules from the world before and during Jesus.", "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0100-01-01", "end": "-0100-12-31", "label": "101 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "dead-sea-scrolls-community" }, "canonicalOrder": 62, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-dead-sea-scrolls-community-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "title": "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity precedes Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity before Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library", "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "israel-museum-dss", "title": "The Dead Sea Scrolls", "publisher": "The Israel Museum, Jerusalem", "url": "https://www.imj.org.il/en/wings/shrine-book/dead-sea-scrolls" }, { "id": "iaa-dss-library", "title": "Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library", "publisher": "Israel Antiquities Authority", "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/?locale=en_US" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-pompey", "label": "Pompey Enters Jerusalem", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Pompey’s eastern victories turn Syria into a Roman province and make Rome the decisive arbiter of the Hasmonean civil war; his entry into Jerusalem ends effective Hasmonean independence.", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-pompey-syria" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0063-01-01", "end": "-0063-12-31", "label": "64 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "pompey" }, "canonicalOrder": 63, "canonicalEra": "Second Temple Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-seleucid-dynastic-wars-pompey", "title": "Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path precedes Pompey Enters Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path before Pompey Enters Jerusalem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "canonical-event-pompey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oxford-hasmoneans", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-pompey-syria" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-pompey-syria", "title": "The Social, Economic and Political History of Palestine, 63 BCE–70 CE", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-judaism/social-economic-and-political-history-of-palestine-63-bcece-70/B40A3DFFE13C0D1997851216455FE012" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "label": "Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Antipater’s military assistance to Julius Caesar during the Alexandrian crisis wins him Roman citizenship and authority in Judea. He then places Phasael and Herod in regional government, providing a direct causal bridge from Roman civil war to the rise of the Herodian dynasty.", "sourceIds": [ "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0047-01-01", "end": "-0047-12-31", "label": "48 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "caesar-antipater-alexandria" }, "canonicalOrder": 63.2, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-dead-sea-scrolls-community-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "title": "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity precedes Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity before Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library", "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-caesar-antipater-alexandria-parthian-invasion-herod", "title": "Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater precedes Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater before Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "oxford-antipater", "title": "Antipater, procurator of Judaea", "publisher": "Oxford Classical Dictionary / Oxford University Press", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61673/chapter-abstract/548069225" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "label": "Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A Parthian invasion installs Antigonus II Mattathias and drives Herod from Judea. Herod’s flight to Rome leads to his recognition by the Roman Senate as king, directly creating the Herodian regime that dominates the Gospel political background.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herodian-context", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0040-01-01", "end": "-0040-12-31", "label": "41 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "parthian-invasion-herod" }, "canonicalOrder": 63.5, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-caesar-antipater-alexandria-parthian-invasion-herod", "title": "Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater precedes Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater before Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-parthian-invasion-herod-herod-temple", "title": "Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome precedes Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome before Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "canonical-event-herod-temple" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herodian-context", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-herodian-context", "title": "Historical Context (65 BCE–30 CE)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/from-jesus-christ-to-christianity/historical-context-65-bce30-ce/EAD3648FE412D59A367A0ADB9AD55598" }, { "id": "josephus-antiquities-index", "title": "The Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/josephus.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-herod", "label": "Herod the Great Rules Judea", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Herod rules as Rome’s client king and undertakes massive construction, including expansion of the Jerusalem Temple.", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "confidence": "minority-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0037-01-01", "end": "-0037-12-31", "label": "38 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "herod" }, "canonicalOrder": 64, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-herod-actium-herod-octavian", "title": "Herod the Great Rules Judea precedes Actium Secures Herod under Octavian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod the Great Rules Judea before Actium Secures Herod under Octavian.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod", "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "label": "Actium Secures Herod under Octavian", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Herod survives the defeat of his patron Antony, successfully transfers allegiance to Octavian, and is reconfirmed and territorially strengthened. The Augustan–Herodian regime that frames the infancy narratives therefore depends in part on the outcome of Actium.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0030-01-01", "end": "-0030-12-31", "label": "31 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "actium-herod-octavian" }, "canonicalOrder": 64.2, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-herod-actium-herod-octavian", "title": "Herod the Great Rules Judea precedes Actium Secures Herod under Octavian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod the Great Rules Judea before Actium Secures Herod under Octavian.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod", "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-actium-herod-octavian-birth-jesus", "title": "Actium Secures Herod under Octavian precedes Birth of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Actium Secures Herod under Octavian before Birth of Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "canonical-event-birth-jesus" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-herod-actium", "title": "The Early Roman (Herodian) Period (40 BCE–70 CE)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/archaeology-of-the-holy-land/early-roman-herodian-period-40-bce70-ce/289D3EBB1B0A917277A5ADBC7BF36463" }, { "id": "cambridge-herodian-context", "title": "Historical Context (65 BCE–30 CE)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/from-jesus-christ-to-christianity/historical-context-65-bce30-ce/EAD3648FE412D59A367A0ADB9AD55598" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-herod-temple", "label": "Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Herod’s monumental temple project creates the physical and political center of the Gospel narratives.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0019-01-01", "end": "-0019-12-31", "label": "20 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "herod-temple" }, "canonicalOrder": 65, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-parthian-invasion-herod-herod-temple", "title": "Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome precedes Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome before Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "canonical-event-herod-temple" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herodian-context", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-herod-temple-augustus-principate", "title": "Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple precedes Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple before Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod-temple", "canonical-event-augustus-principate" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" }, { "id": "met-east-med", "title": "The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/wae.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "label": "Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Augustus’s settlement of Roman power creates the imperial political framework of Jesus’s birth.", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0010-01-01", "end": "-0010-12-31", "label": "11 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "augustus-principate" }, "canonicalOrder": 66, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-herod-temple-augustus-principate", "title": "Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple precedes Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple before Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod-temple", "canonical-event-augustus-principate" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-augustus-principate-quirinius-census", "title": "Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order precedes Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order before Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "canonical-event-quirinius-census" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-judaea-6ce", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-birth-jesus", "label": "Birth of Jesus", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "This project adopts September 11, 3 BCE—approximately Tishri 1/Yom Teruah—as the birth date of Jesus.", "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "confidence": "reasoned-minority", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0003-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "birth-jesus" }, "canonicalOrder": 67, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-actium-herod-octavian-birth-jesus", "title": "Actium Secures Herod under Octavian precedes Birth of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Actium Secures Herod under Octavian before Birth of Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "canonical-event-birth-jesus" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "vatican-rev12", "title": "Biblical Signs in the Sky?", "publisher": "Vatican Observatory", "url": "https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/sacred-space-astronomy/biblical-signs-sky-september-23-2017/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jesus-circumcision", "label": "Circumcision and Naming of Jesus", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jesus is circumcised and formally named on the eighth day in accordance with Jewish law.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0003-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jesus-circumcision" }, "canonicalOrder": 67.1, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "label": "Presentation of Jesus in the Temple", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Mary and Joseph bring Jesus to Jerusalem for purification and presentation, where Simeon and Anna encounter the child.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0003-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jesus-presentation" }, "canonicalOrder": 67.2, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-presentation-magi", "title": "Presentation of Jesus in the Temple precedes The Magi Visit the Young Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Presentation of Jesus in the Temple before The Magi Visit the Young Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "canonical-event-magi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-magi", "label": "The Magi Visit the Young Jesus", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Magi interpret royal celestial signs, travel to Judea, and visit Jesus after his birth.", "sourceIds": [ "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0002-01-01", "end": "-0002-12-31", "label": "3 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "magi" }, "canonicalOrder": 68, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-presentation-magi", "title": "Presentation of Jesus in the Temple precedes The Magi Visit the Young Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Presentation of Jesus in the Temple before The Magi Visit the Young Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "canonical-event-magi" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" }, { "id": "vatican-rev12", "title": "Biblical Signs in the Sky?", "publisher": "Vatican Observatory", "url": "https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/sacred-space-astronomy/biblical-signs-sky-september-23-2017/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "label": "Flight into Egypt", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joseph takes Mary and Jesus to Egypt after the Magi depart and before Herod’s attempt to kill the child.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0002-01-01", "end": "-0002-12-31", "label": "3 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "flight-egypt" }, "canonicalOrder": 68.2, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-flight-egypt-herod-death", "title": "Flight into Egypt precedes Death of Herod the Great", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Flight into Egypt before Death of Herod the Great.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "canonical-event-herod-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-herod-death", "label": "Death of Herod the Great", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Joseph returns from Egypt after Herod’s death but settles in Galilee because Archelaus rules Judea.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "confidence": "minority-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0001-01-01", "end": "-0001-12-31", "label": "2 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "herod-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 69, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-flight-egypt-herod-death", "title": "Flight into Egypt precedes Death of Herod the Great", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Flight into Egypt before Death of Herod the Great.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "canonical-event-herod-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "label": "Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After Herod’s death, Joseph returns with his family and settles in Nazareth under the rule of Herod Antipas rather than Archelaus.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "-0001-01-01", "end": "-0001-12-31", "label": "2 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "return-nazareth" }, "canonicalOrder": 69.2, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-return-nazareth-jesus-age-twelve", "title": "Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth precedes Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth before Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-quirinius-census", "label": "Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule", "domain": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After Augustus removes Archelaus in 6 CE, Judea and Samaria pass into direct Roman administration; Quirinius’s census and the resistance associated with Judas the Galilean create a major part of the political world presupposed by Acts and later first-century Judea.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-judaea-6ce", "cambridge-herodian-context" ], "confidence": "documented-and-problematic", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0006-01-01", "end": "0006-12-31", "label": "6 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "quirinius-census" }, "canonicalOrder": 70, "canonicalEra": "Hellenistic and Roman Judea", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-augustus-principate-quirinius-census", "title": "Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order precedes Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order before Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "canonical-event-quirinius-census" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-judaea-6ce", "cambridge-herodian-context" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "cambridge-herod-consensus", "title": "Herod and the Jewish Experience of Augustan Rule", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B322105C0B263EC2E72D7941840A7DDE/9781139000833c16_p361-388_CBO.pdf/herod_and_the_jewish_experience_of_augustan_rule.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-judaea-6ce", "title": "The Ruling Class of Judaea — Introduction", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/ruling-class-of-judaea/introduction/479D7B62CB7776BBBBF8D79755A1A25D" }, { "id": "cambridge-herodian-context", "title": "Historical Context (65 BCE–30 CE)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/from-jesus-christ-to-christianity/historical-context-65-bce30-ce/EAD3648FE412D59A367A0ADB9AD55598" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "label": "Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "At age twelve Jesus remains in Jerusalem after Passover and is found among the Temple teachers.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0010-01-01", "end": "0010-12-31", "label": "10 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jesus-age-twelve" }, "canonicalOrder": 70.5, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-return-nazareth-jesus-age-twelve", "title": "Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth precedes Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth before Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-age-twelve-tiberius-pilate", "title": "Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve precedes Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve before Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "label": "Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The ministries of John and Jesus occur under Tiberius and the prefecture of Pontius Pilate.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0027-01-01", "end": "0027-12-31", "label": "27 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "tiberius-pilate" }, "canonicalOrder": 71, "canonicalEra": "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-age-twelve-tiberius-pilate", "title": "Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve precedes Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve before Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-tiberius-pilate-john-baptist", "title": "Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea precedes John the Baptist’s Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea before John the Baptist’s Ministry.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "canonical-event-john-baptist" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "cambridge-crucifixion", "title": "Dating the Death of Jesus", "publisher": "New Testament Studies, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/dating-the-death-of-jesus-memory-and-the-religious-imagination/0458FC0CA55BEF810BCC411AC2765860" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-john-baptist", "label": "John the Baptist’s Ministry", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "John announces judgment, calls Israel to repentance, baptizes in the Jordan, and inaugurates the public setting of Jesus’s ministry.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0028-01-01", "end": "0028-12-31", "label": "28 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "comparison" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "john-baptist" }, "canonicalOrder": 72, "canonicalEra": "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "adopted": false, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-tiberius-pilate-john-baptist", "title": "Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea precedes John the Baptist’s Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea before John the Baptist’s Ministry.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "canonical-event-john-baptist" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "label": "Baptism of Jesus", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jesus is baptized by John and begins the transition into his public ministry.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant18" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0028-01-01", "end": "0028-12-31", "label": "28 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jesus-baptism" }, "canonicalOrder": 72.2, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-baptism-john-baptist-death", "title": "Baptism of Jesus precedes Death of John the Baptist", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Baptism of Jesus before Death of John the Baptist.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "canonical-event-john-baptist-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant18" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "josephus-ant18", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVIII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-18.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-john-baptist-death", "label": "Death of John the Baptist", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Herod Antipas executes John, whose movement and death are independently remembered by Josephus and the Synoptic Gospels.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant18", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0029-01-01", "end": "0029-12-31", "label": "29 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "john-baptist-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 72.3, "canonicalEra": "Jesus and the Early Roman Period", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-baptism-john-baptist-death", "title": "Baptism of Jesus precedes Death of John the Baptist", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Baptism of Jesus before Death of John the Baptist.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "canonical-event-john-baptist-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant18" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant18", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVIII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-18.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ministry", "label": "Ministry of Jesus", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jesus announces the kingdom of God, gathers twelve disciples, teaches, heals, and confronts religious and political authorities.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires", "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "mohr-feasts-john", "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0029-01-01", "end": "0029-12-31", "label": "29 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ministry" }, "canonicalOrder": 73, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ministry-triumphal-entry", "title": "Ministry of Jesus precedes Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ministry of Jesus before Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ministry", "canonical-event-triumphal-entry" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires", "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "mohr-feasts-john", "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" }, { "id": "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "title": "Reckoning Tiberius’s Reign and Jesus’s Baptism", "publisher": "Tyndale Bulletin 73", "url": "https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.37789" }, { "id": "mohr-feasts-john", "title": "Feasts in John: Jewish Festivals and Jesus’ Hour in the Fourth Gospel", "publisher": "Mohr Siebeck", "url": "https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/book/feasts-in-john-9783161515729/" }, { "id": "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology", "title": "The Narrative Chronology of Tatian’s Diatessaron", "publisher": "New Testament Studies / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688519000468" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-triumphal-entry", "label": "Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jesus enters Jerusalem for Passover, confronts the Temple establishment, shares a final meal, and is arrested.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "two-major-options", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0030-01-01", "end": "0030-12-31", "label": "30 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "triumphal-entry" }, "canonicalOrder": 73.8, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ministry-triumphal-entry", "title": "Ministry of Jesus precedes Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ministry of Jesus before Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ministry", "canonical-event-triumphal-entry" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires", "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "mohr-feasts-john", "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology", "cambridge-crucifixion" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-crucifixion", "title": "Dating the Death of Jesus", "publisher": "New Testament Studies, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/dating-the-death-of-jesus-memory-and-the-religious-imagination/0458FC0CA55BEF810BCC411AC2765860" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-crucifixion", "label": "Crucifixion and Resurrection", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Jesus is crucified under Pontius Pilate during Passover and proclaimed risen by his followers.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-crucifixion", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "two-major-options", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0030-01-01", "end": "0030-12-31", "label": "30 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "crucifixion" }, "canonicalOrder": 74, "canonicalEra": "Life of Jesus", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-crucifixion", "title": "Dating the Death of Jesus", "publisher": "New Testament Studies, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies/article/dating-the-death-of-jesus-memory-and-the-religious-imagination/0458FC0CA55BEF810BCC411AC2765860" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "label": "Ascension and Pentecost", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Acts opens with Jesus’s ascension and the Pentecost experience that initiates the public Jerusalem mission of his followers.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0030-01-01", "end": "0030-12-31", "label": "30 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "ascension-pentecost" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.1, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ascension-pentecost-jerusalem-church-growth", "title": "Ascension and Pentecost precedes Growth of the Jerusalem Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ascension and Pentecost before Growth of the Jerusalem Community.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-paul-life" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-jesus-context", "title": "Jesus' Life, Ministry and Teaching", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/jesus-in-context/jesus-life-ministry-and-teaching/C3C2A849CDB4F37B956008CCCA967C64" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "label": "Growth of the Jerusalem Community", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The Jerusalem movement develops shared institutions, public teaching, charitable distribution, and conflict with Temple authorities.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0032-01-01", "end": "0032-12-31", "label": "32 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-church-growth" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.2, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-ascension-pentecost-jerusalem-church-growth", "title": "Ascension and Pentecost precedes Growth of the Jerusalem Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ascension and Pentecost before Growth of the Jerusalem Community.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-paul-life" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-church-growth-stephen-martyrdom", "title": "Growth of the Jerusalem Community precedes Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Growth of the Jerusalem Community before Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "label": "Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Stephen is executed after a dispute and hearing, and many members of the Jerusalem community disperse into Judea and Samaria.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "traditional-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0033-01-01", "end": "0033-12-31", "label": "33 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "stephen-martyrdom" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.3, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-church-growth-stephen-martyrdom", "title": "Growth of the Jerusalem Community precedes Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Growth of the Jerusalem Community before Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-stephen-martyrdom-paul-conversion", "title": "Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion precedes Conversion and Call of Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion before Conversion and Call of Paul.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "canonical-event-paul-conversion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "label": "Conversion and Call of Paul", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul changes from persecutor to missionary after an experience he interprets as an appearance and call of the risen Jesus.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0034-01-01", "end": "0034-12-31", "label": "34 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-conversion" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.4, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-stephen-martyrdom-paul-conversion", "title": "Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion precedes Conversion and Call of Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion before Conversion and Call of Paul.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "canonical-event-paul-conversion" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-conversion-paul-first-jerusalem", "title": "Conversion and Call of Paul precedes Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Conversion and Call of Paul before Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "label": "Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul visits Jerusalem, meets Cephas and James according to Galatians, and then departs for Syria and Cilicia.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0037-01-01", "end": "0037-12-31", "label": "37 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-first-jerusalem" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.5, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-conversion-paul-first-jerusalem", "title": "Conversion and Call of Paul precedes Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Conversion and Call of Paul before Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-jerusalem-cornelius-gentile-mission", "title": "Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit precedes Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit before Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "label": "Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Peter’s encounter with Cornelius becomes Acts’ programmatic account of uncircumcised Gentiles entering the movement.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "traditional-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0040-01-01", "end": "0040-12-31", "label": "40 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "cornelius-gentile-mission" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.6, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-jerusalem-cornelius-gentile-mission", "title": "Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit precedes Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit before Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-cornelius-gentile-mission-antioch-church", "title": "Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission precedes The Church at Antioch", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission before The Church at Antioch.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "canonical-event-antioch-church" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-antioch-church", "label": "The Church at Antioch", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A mixed Jewish and Gentile community develops at Antioch and becomes the principal base for Barnabas and Paul’s wider mission.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0042-01-01", "end": "0042-12-31", "label": "42 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "antioch-church" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.7, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-cornelius-gentile-mission-antioch-church", "title": "Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission precedes The Church at Antioch", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission before The Church at Antioch.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "canonical-event-antioch-church" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-antioch-church-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "title": "The Church at Antioch precedes James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Church at Antioch before James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-antioch-church", "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant19" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "label": "James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Herod Agrippa I executes James and imprisons Peter during his final year, according to Acts.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0044-01-01", "end": "0044-12-31", "label": "44 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "james-zebedee-peter-prison" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.8, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-antioch-church-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "title": "The Church at Antioch precedes James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Church at Antioch before James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-antioch-church", "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant19" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant19", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-19.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "label": "Death of Herod Agrippa I", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Agrippa I dies suddenly after public acclamation, ending the brief reunification of much of Herod the Great’s kingdom.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0044-01-01", "end": "0044-12-31", "label": "44 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "agrippa-i-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.9, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-agrippa-i-death-claudian-judean-famine", "title": "Death of Herod Agrippa I precedes The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Herod Agrippa I before The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant19", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-19.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "label": "The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Acts’ famine-relief mission belongs in a period when Josephus independently reports a severe famine at Jerusalem and describes Queen Helena of Adiabene importing grain for the poor. The overlap supplies a strong external context for Acts 11 without requiring both authors to describe the same relief operation.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0046-01-01", "end": "0046-12-31", "label": "46 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "claudian-judean-famine" }, "canonicalOrder": 74.95, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-agrippa-i-death-claudian-judean-famine", "title": "Death of Herod Agrippa I precedes The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Herod Agrippa I before The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-claudian-judean-famine-paul-first-journey", "title": "The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission precedes Paul’s First Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission before Paul’s First Missionary Journey.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "canonical-event-paul-first-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant20", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-20.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "label": "Paul’s First Missionary Journey", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul and Barnabas travel from Antioch through Cyprus and southern Anatolia, establishing assemblies before returning to Antioch.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0047-01-01", "end": "0047-12-31", "label": "47 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-first-journey" }, "canonicalOrder": 75, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-claudian-judean-famine-paul-first-journey", "title": "The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission precedes Paul’s First Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission before Paul’s First Missionary Journey.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "canonical-event-paul-first-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-journey-jerusalem-council", "title": "Paul’s First Missionary Journey precedes The Jerusalem Council", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Missionary Journey before The Jerusalem Council.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "canonical-event-jerusalem-council" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jerusalem-council", "label": "The Jerusalem Council", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Leaders in Jerusalem and Antioch negotiate the status of Gentile converts and the obligations expected of them.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0049-01-01", "end": "0049-12-31", "label": "49 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-council" }, "canonicalOrder": 76, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-journey-jerusalem-council", "title": "Paul’s First Missionary Journey precedes The Jerusalem Council", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Missionary Journey before The Jerusalem Council.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "canonical-event-jerusalem-council" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "label": "Paul’s Second Missionary Journey", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul travels through Anatolia into Macedonia and Achaia, founding or strengthening communities at Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, and Corinth.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0051-01-01", "end": "0051-12-31", "label": "51 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-second-journey" }, "canonicalOrder": 77, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-claudius-jews-rome-paul-second-journey", "title": "Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome precedes Paul’s Second Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome before Paul’s Second Missionary Journey.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "canonical-event-paul-second-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "slingerland-claudian-expulsion", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-second-journey-gallio-corinth", "title": "Paul’s Second Missionary Journey precedes Paul before Gallio at Corinth", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Second Missionary Journey before Paul before Gallio at Corinth.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "canonical-event-gallio-corinth" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-corinth", "title": "Paul and the Pagan Cults at Isthmia", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/paul-and-the-pagan-cults-at-isthmia/DC3F6F2E32B260FCF741A8A3717C765B" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "label": "Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Acts introduces Aquila and Priscilla as recent arrivals from Italy because Claudius had ordered Jews to leave Rome; Suetonius independently reports a Claudian expulsion.", "sourceIds": [ "slingerland-claudian-expulsion", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0049-01-01", "end": "0049-12-31", "label": "49 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "claudius-jews-rome" }, "canonicalOrder": 77.5, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-claudius-jews-rome-paul-second-journey", "title": "Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome precedes Paul’s Second Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome before Paul’s Second Missionary Journey.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "canonical-event-paul-second-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "slingerland-claudian-expulsion", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "slingerland-claudian-expulsion", "title": "Suetonius Claudius 25.4, Acts 18, and Paulus Orosius: Dating the Claudian Expulsion(s) of Roman Jews", "publisher": "The Jewish Quarterly Review / University of Pennsylvania Press", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1455110" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "label": "Paul before Gallio at Corinth", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul appears before Gallio, proconsul of Achaia, during his Corinthian mission.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0052-01-01", "end": "0052-12-31", "label": "52 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "gallio-corinth" }, "canonicalOrder": 78, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-second-journey-gallio-corinth", "title": "Paul’s Second Missionary Journey precedes Paul before Gallio at Corinth", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Second Missionary Journey before Paul before Gallio at Corinth.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "canonical-event-gallio-corinth" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-gallio-corinth-paul-third-journey", "title": "Paul before Gallio at Corinth precedes Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul before Gallio at Corinth before Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "canonical-event-paul-third-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-corinth", "title": "Paul and the Pagan Cults at Isthmia", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/paul-and-the-pagan-cults-at-isthmia/DC3F6F2E32B260FCF741A8A3717C765B" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "label": "Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul makes Ephesus a long-term base, revisits Macedonia and Achaia, organizes the collection for Jerusalem, and begins his final return.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-paul-corinth" ], "confidence": "historically-anchored", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0055-01-01", "end": "0055-12-31", "label": "55 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-third-journey" }, "canonicalOrder": 79, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-gallio-corinth-paul-third-journey", "title": "Paul before Gallio at Corinth precedes Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul before Gallio at Corinth before Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "canonical-event-paul-third-journey" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-third-journey-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "title": "Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry precedes Paul Arrested in Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry before Paul Arrested in Jerusalem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-corinth", "title": "Paul and the Pagan Cults at Isthmia", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/paul-and-the-pagan-cults-at-isthmia/DC3F6F2E32B260FCF741A8A3717C765B" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "label": "Paul Arrested in Jerusalem", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul returns with the collection, is seized after conflict at the Temple, and is transferred under guard to Caesarea.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0057-01-01", "end": "0057-12-31", "label": "57 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-arrest-jerusalem" }, "canonicalOrder": 80, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-third-journey-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "title": "Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry precedes Paul Arrested in Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry before Paul Arrested in Jerusalem.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-arrest-jerusalem-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "title": "Paul Arrested in Jerusalem precedes Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Arrested in Jerusalem before Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "label": "Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul remains in custody under Felix and Festus, appeals to Caesar, and speaks before Agrippa II.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0058-01-01", "end": "0058-12-31", "label": "58 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-caesarea-imprisonment" }, "canonicalOrder": 81, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-arrest-jerusalem-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "title": "Paul Arrested in Jerusalem precedes Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Arrested in Jerusalem before Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-caesarea-imprisonment-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "title": "Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea precedes Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea before Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "label": "Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Paul is transported toward Rome, survives a storm and shipwreck, winters on Malta, and continues to Italy.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0060-01-01", "end": "0060-12-31", "label": "60 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-voyage-shipwreck" }, "canonicalOrder": 82, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-caesarea-imprisonment-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "title": "Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea precedes Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea before Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-voyage-shipwreck-paul-rome-imprisonment", "title": "Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck precedes Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck before Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "label": "Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Acts ends with Paul under house arrest in Rome, teaching while awaiting resolution of his appeal.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "confidence": "historically-plausible", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0061-01-01", "end": "0061-12-31", "label": "61 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "paul-rome-imprisonment" }, "canonicalOrder": 83, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-voyage-shipwreck-paul-rome-imprisonment", "title": "Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck precedes Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck before Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-rome-imprisonment-james-brother-death", "title": "Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment precedes Death of James, Brother of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment before Death of James, Brother of Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "canonical-event-james-brother-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" }, { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "label": "Death of James, Brother of Jesus", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "The high priest Ananus convenes a council and has James, the brother of Jesus called Christ, executed.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0062-01-01", "end": "0062-12-31", "label": "62 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "james-brother-death" }, "canonicalOrder": 84, "canonicalEra": "Acts and the Apostolic Age", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-paul-rome-imprisonment-james-brother-death", "title": "Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment precedes Death of James, Brother of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment before Death of James, Brother of Jesus.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "canonical-event-james-brother-death" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-james-brother-death-neronian-persecution", "title": "Death of James, Brother of Jesus precedes The Neronian Persecution at Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of James, Brother of Jesus before The Neronian Persecution at Rome.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "canonical-event-neronian-persecution" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant20", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-20.html" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "label": "The Neronian Persecution at Rome", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "After the fire of Rome, Nero punishes Christians in the capital, creating the earliest clear Roman literary notice of an imperial persecution focused on the movement.", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0065-01-01", "end": "0065-12-31", "label": "65 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "neronian-persecution" }, "canonicalOrder": 85, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-james-brother-death-neronian-persecution", "title": "Death of James, Brother of Jesus precedes The Neronian Persecution at Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of James, Brother of Jesus before The Neronian Persecution at Rome.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "canonical-event-neronian-persecution" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-neronian-persecution-peter-paul-deaths", "title": "The Neronian Persecution at Rome precedes Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Neronian Persecution at Rome before Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "label": "Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Early Christian tradition places the deaths of Peter and Paul at Rome during the Neronian period.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "traditional-chronology", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0066-01-01", "end": "0066-12-31", "label": "66 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "peter-paul-deaths" }, "canonicalOrder": 86, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-neronian-persecution-peter-paul-deaths", "title": "The Neronian Persecution at Rome precedes Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Neronian Persecution at Rome before Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-peter-paul-deaths-first-jewish-revolt", "title": "Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul precedes The First Jewish Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul before The First Jewish Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "met-world-empires", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-writings", "title": "Extant Writings Attributed to Saint Paul in Rough Chronological Order", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/appendix-1-extant-writings-attributed-to-saint-paul-in-rough-chronological-order/31C0B63A5A754ED5B4ADB7AFA66BD85C" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "label": "The First Jewish Revolt", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Rebellion against Rome expands from Jerusalem and Judea into a major war that ends the Second Temple order and reshapes Jewish and Christian history.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0067-01-01", "end": "0067-12-31", "label": "67 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "first-jewish-revolt" }, "canonicalOrder": 87, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-peter-paul-deaths-first-jewish-revolt", "title": "Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul precedes The First Jewish Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul before The First Jewish Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "met-world-empires", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-jewish-revolt-four-emperors-jewish-war", "title": "The First Jewish Revolt precedes Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The First Jewish Revolt before Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-flavian-judaea" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-war6", "title": "Josephus, The Jewish War, Book VI", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-6.html" }, { "id": "bm-first-revolt", "title": "First Revolt / Jewish War", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG90751" }, { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "label": "Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Nero’s fall and the Roman civil wars interrupt the Judaean campaign. Vespasian shifts from field commander to imperial contender and emperor; Titus inherits the siege command, directly linking Rome’s succession crisis to the form the war takes in 70 CE.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-flavian-judaea", "josephus-war6" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0069-01-01", "end": "0069-12-31", "label": "69 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "four-emperors-jewish-war" }, "canonicalOrder": 87.5, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-first-jewish-revolt-four-emperors-jewish-war", "title": "The First Jewish Revolt precedes Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places The First Jewish Revolt before Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-flavian-judaea" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-four-emperors-jewish-war-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "title": "Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor precedes Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor before Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-flavian-judaea", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-flavian-judaea", "title": "Judaea: The Great Revolt and Its Aftermath", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-ancient-history/judaea/427249D98F05EAB237ED32EBFD0369F8" }, { "id": "josephus-war6", "title": "Josephus, The Jewish War, Book VI", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-6.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "label": "Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Titus’s army captures Jerusalem, burns the Temple, and dismantles the political and cultic center of Judea.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0070-01-01", "end": "0070-12-31", "label": "70 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70" }, "canonicalOrder": 88, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-four-emperors-jewish-war-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "title": "Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor precedes Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor before Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-flavian-judaea", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70-masada-falls", "title": "Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed precedes Fall of Masada", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed before Fall of Masada.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "canonical-event-masada-falls" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-war6", "title": "Josephus, The Jewish War, Book VI", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-6.html" }, { "id": "bm-first-revolt", "title": "First Revolt / Jewish War", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG90751" }, { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-masada-falls", "label": "Fall of Masada", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "Roman forces besiege and capture Masada, conventionally marking the final major military episode of the First Revolt.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0073-01-01", "end": "0073-12-31", "label": "73 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "masada-falls" }, "canonicalOrder": 89, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70-masada-falls", "title": "Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed precedes Fall of Masada", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed before Fall of Masada.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "canonical-event-masada-falls" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] }, { "id": "canonical-order-masada-falls-bar-kokhba-revolt", "title": "Fall of Masada precedes The Bar Kokhba Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Fall of Masada before The Bar Kokhba Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-masada-falls", "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-first-revolt", "title": "First Revolt / Jewish War", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG90751" }, { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt", "label": "The Bar Kokhba Revolt", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical event record", "description": "A second major revolt establishes a short-lived Jewish administration under Simon bar Kosiba before overwhelming Roman suppression.", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "confidence": "documented-core", "repairCost": 5, "date": { "start": "0133-01-01", "end": "0133-12-31", "label": "133 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "event", "adopted" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "event", "id": "bar-kokhba-revolt" }, "canonicalOrder": 90, "canonicalEra": "Roman Judea and Early Christianity", "adopted": true, "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [ { "id": "canonical-order-masada-falls-bar-kokhba-revolt", "title": "Fall of Masada precedes The Bar Kokhba Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "kind": "", "message": "The canonical project ordering places Fall of Masada before The Bar Kokhba Revolt.", "claims": [ "canonical-event-masada-falls", "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt" ], "alternatives": [], "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ] } ], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" }, { "id": "met-world-empires", "title": "The World between Empires", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://resources.metmuseum.org/resources/metpublications/pdf/The_World_between_Empires_Art_and_Identity_in_the_Ancient_Middle_East.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-terru-exists", "label": "A person named Terru corresponded with Zimri-Lim and was associated with Urkesh.", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "This establishes Terru as a historical person; it does not identify him as Terah.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1775-01-01", "end": "-1775-12-31", "label": "1776 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "terru-exists" }, "eventRef": "terru-terah", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-terru-terah-name", "label": "The Terru/Terah name correspondence is one component of the project’s adopted historical identification.", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical project-inference claim", "description": "Name resemblance is only one line of evidence and requires philological testing.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru" ], "confidence": "suggestive", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1775-01-01", "end": "-1775-12-31", "label": "1776 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-inference" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "terru-terah-name" }, "eventRef": "terru-terah", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-terru-terah-conclusion", "label": "This project identifies Terru of Urkesh with Abraham’s father Terah.", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical project-conclusion claim", "description": "No surviving inscription supplies the family relationship required by Genesis.", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "-1775-01-01", "end": "-1775-12-31", "label": "1776 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-conclusion" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "terru-terah-conclusion" }, "eventRef": "terru-terah", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" }, { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-hammurabi-babylon", "label": "Hammurabi ruled Babylon during the Old Babylonian age of competing kingdoms and military coalitions.", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical primary-context claim", "description": "This establishes the political setting, not the biblical identification.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1760-01-01", "end": "-1760-12-31", "label": "1761 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-context" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "hammurabi-babylon" }, "eventRef": "amraphel-hammurabi", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-amraphel-equation", "label": "This project provisionally equates Amraphel king of Shinar with Hammurabi.", "domain": "Patriarchs", "type": "canonical project-conclusion claim", "description": "The philological equation remains the weakest part of the argument.", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "-1760-01-01", "end": "-1760-12-31", "label": "1761 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-conclusion" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "amraphel-equation" }, "eventRef": "amraphel-hammurabi", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-babylon", "title": "Babylon", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/babylon" }, { "id": "urkesh-terru", "title": "Bibliography about Urkesh and the Hurrians: Terru correspondence", "publisher": "Urkesh/Mozan Studies", "url": "https://urkesh.org/pages/911c.htm" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-avaris-migration", "label": "Avaris contained substantial populations with Near Eastern connections before and during Hyksos rule.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "The evidence concerns population origin and mobility, not Israelite identity.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "strong", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1600-01-01", "end": "-1600-12-31", "label": "1601 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "avaris-migration" }, "eventRef": "hyksos-egypt", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-hyksos-western-asiatic", "label": "The Hyksos ruling establishment had western Asiatic cultural and demographic connections.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical historical-interpretation claim", "description": "The category Hyksos must not be treated as synonymous with Israelites.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "strong", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1600-01-01", "end": "-1600-12-31", "label": "1601 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "historical-interpretation" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "hyksos-western-asiatic" }, "eventRef": "hyksos-egypt", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-joseph-hyksos-fit", "label": "A western Asiatic dynasty centered in the eastern Delta offers a plausible setting for Joseph’s promotion and Jacob’s settlement.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-inference claim", "description": "The fit is circumstantial; Joseph is not named in Egyptian evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "confidence": "contextual", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1615-01-01", "end": "-1615-12-31", "label": "1616 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-inference" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "joseph-hyksos-fit" }, "eventRef": "joseph-hyksos", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "stantis-hyksos", "title": "Strontium isotope evidence for migration at ancient Avaris", "publisher": "PLOS ONE / PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7363063/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-kadesh-battle", "label": "Ramesses II fought the Hittite coalition at Kadesh in his fifth regnal year.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "The battle is independently established and supplies geopolitical context.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1274-01-01", "end": "-1274-12-31", "label": "1275 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "kadesh-battle" }, "eventRef": "kadesh", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" }, { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-kadesh-oppression-link", "label": "Kadesh demonstrates the reality of the Asiatic military threat described conceptually in Exodus 1:10.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-inference claim", "description": "The battle does not directly prove that the Israelites were enslaved because of that threat.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "confidence": "contextual", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1274-01-01", "end": "-1274-12-31", "label": "1275 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-inference" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "kadesh-oppression-link" }, "eventRef": "kadesh", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-kadesh", "title": "The Battle of Kadesh: Egyptian and Hittite Perspectives", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/article/lecture-robert-ritner-and-theo-van-den-hout-battle-kadesh" }, { "id": "isac-seti", "title": "The Road to Kadesh", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/saoc/saoc-42-road-kadesh-historical-interpretation-battle-reliefs-king-sety-i" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-merneptah-boundary", "label": "The Merneptah Stela identifies a people called Israel in Canaan by approximately 1208 BCE.", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "This is a firm upper boundary, not proof of the Exodus date.", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1208-01-01", "end": "-1208-12-31", "label": "1209 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "merneptah-boundary" }, "eventRef": "merneptah", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" }, { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-herod-eclipse", "label": "Josephus places a lunar eclipse before Herod’s final illness and death, with Passover later in the narrative.", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "Josephus supplies the sequence, not a numbered BCE date.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "josephus-eclipse-passage" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0001-01-01", "end": "-0001-12-31", "label": "2 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "herod-eclipse" }, "eventRef": "herod-death", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" }, { "id": "josephus-eclipse-passage", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities 17.146–181", "publisher": "Lexundria", "url": "https://lexundria.com/j_aj/17.146-17.181/wst" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-herod-1bce", "label": "This project adopts a 1 BCE death for Herod to preserve the September 3 BCE birth chronology.", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical project-conclusion claim", "description": "Most modern historical chronologies continue to use 4 BCE.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17" ], "confidence": "minority", "repairCost": 4, "date": { "start": "-0001-01-01", "end": "-0001-12-31", "label": "2 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-conclusion" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "herod-1bce" }, "eventRef": "herod-death", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-herod-minority", "title": "A Neglected Source on the Date of Herod the Great's Death", "publisher": "The Classical Quarterly, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/neglected-source-on-the-date-of-herod-the-greats-death/660458CE389D8155B3DCCCC912CBF733" }, { "id": "josephus-ant17", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVII", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-rev12-astronomy", "label": "Revelation 12 is interpreted as containing a celestial layer corresponding to the Sun, Moon, and Virgo in September 3 BCE.", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical project-inference claim", "description": "The passage’s messianic symbolism is clear; its use as a calendrical sky map is disputed.", "sourceIds": [ "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138" ], "confidence": "interpretive", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0003-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-inference" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "rev12-astronomy" }, "eventRef": "birth-jesus", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "heiser-sept11", "title": "September 11: Happy Birthday to Jesus", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/september-11-happy-birthday-to-jesus/" }, { "id": "heiser-podcast138", "title": "Naked Bible Podcast 138: On What Day Was Jesus Born?", "publisher": "Dr. Michael S. Heiser", "url": "https://drmsh.com/naked-bible-podcast-episode-138-on-what-day-was-jesus-born/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-rev12-recurrence", "label": "Sun–Virgo–Moon configurations recur, so astronomical correspondence alone cannot uniquely identify Jesus’ birthday.", "domain": "Life of Jesus", "type": "canonical objection claim", "description": "The project therefore relies on the combined chronological and symbolic sequence, not the Virgo configuration alone.", "sourceIds": [ "vatican-rev12" ], "confidence": "major", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0003-01-01", "end": "-0003-12-31", "label": "4 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "objection" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "rev12-recurrence" }, "eventRef": "birth-jesus", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "vatican-rev12", "title": "Biblical Signs in the Sky?", "publisher": "Vatican Observatory", "url": "https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/sacred-space-astronomy/biblical-signs-sky-september-23-2017/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-omri-samaria-capital", "label": "Samaria became the capital of the northern kingdom during the Omride period.", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical historical-synthesis claim", "description": "Material remains and later written sources establish Samaria’s capital role; assigning every building phase directly to Omri remains debated.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0880-01-01", "end": "-0880-12-31", "label": "881 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "historical-synthesis" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "omri-samaria-capital" }, "eventRef": "omri-samaria", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria-iberia", "title": "Assyria to Iberia at the Dawn of the Classical Age", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-manasseh-assyrian-vassal", "label": "Assyrian royal lists name Manasseh of Judah among western vassal kings.", "domain": "Divided Monarchy and Assyria", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "This independently anchors Manasseh within the Assyrian imperial order.", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0670-01-01", "end": "-0670-12-31", "label": "671 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "manasseh-assyrian-vassal" }, "eventRef": "manasseh-reign", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-assyria", "title": "Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/assyria-1365-609-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-gallio-paul-anchor", "label": "Gallio’s proconsulship fixes Paul’s Corinthian activity near 51–52 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "The inscription fixes Gallio’s office; the exact day of Paul’s hearing remains reconstructed from Acts.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0052-01-01", "end": "0052-12-31", "label": "52 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "gallio-paul-anchor" }, "eventRef": "gallio-corinth", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-paul-corinth", "title": "Paul and the Pagan Cults at Isthmia", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/paul-and-the-pagan-cults-at-isthmia/DC3F6F2E32B260FCF741A8A3717C765B" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-agrippa-death-44", "label": "Herod Agrippa I died in 44 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "Josephus independently anchors the reign and death used by Acts chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0044-01-01", "end": "0044-12-31", "label": "44 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "agrippa-death-44" }, "eventRef": "agrippa-i-death", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant19", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-19.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-james-death-62", "label": "Josephus places the execution of James, brother of Jesus, in the interregnum of 62 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "This is one of the strongest non-Christian chronological anchors for the Jerusalem church.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0062-01-01", "end": "0062-12-31", "label": "62 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "james-death-62" }, "eventRef": "james-brother-death", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-ant20", "title": "Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XX", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-20.html" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-jerusalem-destruction-70", "label": "Roman forces captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple in 70 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "Literary, archaeological, numismatic, and monumental evidence converge on the event and date.", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0070-01-01", "end": "0070-12-31", "label": "70 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "jerusalem-destruction-70" }, "eventRef": "jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "josephus-war6", "title": "Josephus, The Jewish War, Book VI", "publisher": "University of Chicago — LacusCurtius", "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-6.html" }, { "id": "bm-first-revolt", "title": "First Revolt / Jewish War", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG90751" }, { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-masada-date", "label": "Masada fell to Roman forces in 73/74 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical historical-synthesis claim", "description": "The event is securely placed at the end of the revolt, while conversion between ancient chronological systems leaves a one-year variation.", "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "confidence": "documented-context", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0073-01-01", "end": "0073-12-31", "label": "73 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "historical-synthesis" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "masada-date" }, "eventRef": "masada-falls", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "bm-first-revolt", "title": "First Revolt / Jewish War", "publisher": "The British Museum", "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG90751" }, { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-bar-kokhba-dates", "label": "The Bar Kokhba revolt occurred from 132 to 135 CE.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical primary-evidence claim", "description": "Coins, letters, caves, and Roman evidence establish the revolt and its short-lived administration.", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0133-01-01", "end": "0133-12-31", "label": "133 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "primary-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "bar-kokhba-dates" }, "eventRef": "bar-kokhba-revolt", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-world-empires-gallery", "title": "The World between Empires: Judaea exhibition galleries", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/world-between-empires-art-and-identity-ancient-middle-east/exhibition-galleries" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-esther-xerxes-caution", "label": "Ahasuerus is commonly identified with Xerxes I, but Esther and Mordecai are not independently attested.", "domain": "Second Temple Period", "type": "canonical interpretive-caution claim", "description": "The identification provides a plausible court horizon without proving the narrative.", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid" ], "confidence": "disputed", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-0478-01-01", "end": "-0478-12-31", "label": "479 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "interpretive-caution" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "esther-xerxes-caution" }, "eventRef": "esther-persian-court", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "met-achaemenid", "title": "The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-achaemenid-persian-empire-550-330-b-c" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-acts-chronology-method", "label": "Pauline chronology must be reconstructed from both Acts and the letters, with the Gallio date as the strongest fixed point.", "domain": "Acts and Early Christianity", "type": "canonical methodological-caution claim", "description": "The journey labels are useful summaries but should not imply that every route and date is independently secure.", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth" ], "confidence": "historically-supported", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "0051-01-01", "end": "0051-12-31", "label": "51 CE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "methodological-caution" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "acts-chronology-method" }, "eventRef": "paul-second-journey", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "cambridge-acts-chronology", "title": "The Chronological Scheme of Acts", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/chronological-scheme-of-acts/8049FFBDB856246BB7C92B6579EE78FA" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-life", "title": "Communities in the Making", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/paul-the-apostle/communities-in-the-making/19DE19235168F861447AAFFAF5EFD72F" }, { "id": "cambridge-paul-corinth", "title": "Paul and the Pagan Cults at Isthmia", "publisher": "Harvard Theological Review / Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/paul-and-the-pagan-cults-at-isthmia/DC3F6F2E32B260FCF741A8A3717C765B" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-ahmose-avaris-captives", "label": "Ahmose son of Abana records Avaris being plundered and four people from the city being assigned to him as slaves.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical external-evidence claim", "description": "This supports captivity after the conquest but does not identify Israelites or mass enslavement.", "sourceIds": [ "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1530-01-01", "end": "-1530-12-31", "label": "1531 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "external-evidence" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "ahmose-avaris-captives" }, "eventRef": "hyksos-expulsion", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "title": "The Autobiography of Ahmose Son of Abana", "publisher": "University of California Press / Ancient Egyptian Literature", "url": "https://content.ucpress.edu/title/9780520248434/9780520248434_chapter_one.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-ahmose-israel-model", "label": "The project places the beginning of Israelite servitude within the dynastic reversal after Ahmose I captured Avaris.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "The Israelite identification is inferred, not stated by the Egyptian source.", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1530-01-01", "end": "-1530-12-31", "label": "1531 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "ahmose-israel-model" }, "eventRef": "hyksos-expulsion", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "arce-hyksos", "title": "The Hyksos", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/hyksos/" }, { "id": "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "title": "The Autobiography of Ahmose Son of Abana", "publisher": "University of California Press / Ancient Egyptian Literature", "url": "https://content.ucpress.edu/title/9780520248434/9780520248434_chapter_one.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-zannanza-core", "label": "Hittite sources preserve an Egyptian queen’s request for a Hittite prince, Zannanza’s mission and death, and the resulting hostile crisis.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical external-evidence claim", "description": "The exact queen and responsibility for the prince’s death remain debated.", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1322-01-01", "end": "-1322-12-31", "label": "1323 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "external-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "zannanza-core" }, "eventRef": "zannanza-affair", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "gueterbock-deeds", "title": "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II", "publisher": "Journal of Cuneiform Studies", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.2307/1359585" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-zannanza-exodus-fear", "label": "The project treats the Zannanza crisis as the political trigger behind the fear that Hebrews might join Egypt’s enemies in Exodus 1:10.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "No surviving source links the crisis to Hebrews or an infant decree.", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1322-01-01", "end": "-1322-12-31", "label": "1323 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "zannanza-exodus-fear" }, "eventRef": "zannanza-affair", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "gueterbock-deeds", "title": "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II", "publisher": "Journal of Cuneiform Studies", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.2307/1359585" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-ay-infant-decree", "label": "The project places the decree against Hebrew male infants and Moses’s birth under Ay around 1322–1320 BCE.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "This is a proposed synchronism, not an externally attested policy.", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "speculative", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1321-01-01", "end": "-1321-12-31", "label": "1322 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "ay-infant-decree" }, "eventRef": "moses-born", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "gueterbock-deeds", "title": "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II", "publisher": "Journal of Cuneiform Studies", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.2307/1359585" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-moses-age-noncontrolling", "label": "The model treats Moses’s age totals in Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Acts as schematic, traditional, or non-controlling for absolute chronology.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical methodological-assumption claim", "description": "This assumption is required to place birth under Ay and the Exodus in 1254 BCE.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1321-01-01", "end": "-1321-12-31", "label": "1322 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "methodological-assumption" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "moses-age-noncontrolling" }, "eventRef": "moses-born", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-horemheb-edict-core", "label": "Horemheb’s Great Edict documents a royal program addressing administrative abuse and corruption.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical external-evidence claim", "description": "It does not mention Moses or Israelites.", "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1305-01-01", "end": "-1305-12-31", "label": "1306 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "external-evidence" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "horemheb-edict-core" }, "eventRef": "horemheb-oppression", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "horemheb-edict-mma", "title": "The Edict of Haremhab", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p16028coll12/id/14119/download" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-horemheb-moses-flight", "label": "The project places Moses’s adulthood and flight during Horemheb’s reign.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "Chronologically possible inside the model but historically unattested.", "sourceIds": [ "horemheb-edict-mma", "arce-ramessides" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1305-01-01", "end": "-1305-12-31", "label": "1306 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "horemheb-moses-flight" }, "eventRef": "horemheb-oppression", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "horemheb-edict-mma", "title": "The Edict of Haremhab", "publisher": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p16028coll12/id/14119/download" }, { "id": "arce-ramessides", "title": "The Rise of the Ramessides", "publisher": "American Research Center in Egypt", "url": "https://arce.org/resource/rise-ramessides-how-military-family-nile-delta-founded-one-egypts-most-celebrated/" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-midian-duration", "label": "Exodus 4:19 refers to multiple men seeking Moses’s life, so the model does not require one pharaoh to reign for a literal forty-year Midian interval.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical textual-interpretation claim", "description": "Acts 7’s forty-year blocks are not used as exact elapsed chronology.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1300-01-01", "end": "-1300-12-31", "label": "1301 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "textual-interpretation" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "midian-duration" }, "eventRef": "moses-midian", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-piramesse-final-labor", "label": "Pi-Ramesses supplies a strong Ramesside setting for the final construction-labor phase and the Raamses toponym.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical historical-context claim", "description": "The site does not identify Israelite workers.", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "confidence": "major", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1279-01-01", "end": "-1279-12-31", "label": "1280 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "historical-context" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "piramesse-final-labor" }, "eventRef": "ramesses-reign", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "franzmeier-piramesse-2024", "title": "The Foundation of Pi-Ramesse: Strengthening the Rule of the 19th Dynasty and Displaying Egypt to the Outside World", "publisher": "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology / SAGE", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03075133241297651" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-amun-firstborn-core", "label": "Amun-her-khepeshef was Ramesses II’s firstborn son and initial crown prince and disappears from the succession around regnal Year 25–26.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical external-evidence claim", "description": "The exact year and cause of death are uncertain.", "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "external-evidence" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "amun-firstborn-core" }, "eventRef": "plagues-passover", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" }, { "id": "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "title": "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", "publisher": "Thames & Hudson", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Royal_Families_of_Ancient_E.html?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-amun-tenth-plague", "label": "The project identifies Amun-her-khepeshef with Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 12 and adopts 1254 BCE for the first Passover.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "No Egyptian source records the tenth plague or the prince’s cause of death.", "sourceIds": [ "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "amun-tenth-plague" }, "eventRef": "plagues-passover", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" }, { "id": "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "title": "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", "publisher": "Thames & Hudson", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Royal_Families_of_Ancient_E.html?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ" }, { "id": "theban-mapping-kv5", "title": "KV 5 — Sons of Rameses II", "publisher": "Theban Mapping Project", "url": "https://thebanmappingproject.com/tombs/kv-05-sons-rameses-ii" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-exodus-1254", "label": "The project places the Exodus in 1254 BCE under Ramesses II, in the same year as the adopted Amun-her-khepeshef synchronism.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical project-reconstruction claim", "description": "The exact date falls if the prince synchronism is rejected; a broader Ramesside model may survive.", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families" ], "confidence": "working-reconstruction", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "project-reconstruction" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "exodus-1254" }, "eventRef": "exodus", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "qantir-project", "title": "The Qantir–Pi-Ramesse Project", "publisher": "International Association of Egyptologists", "url": "https://www.iae-egyptology.org/archives/696" }, { "id": "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "title": "Le prince Amonherkhepechef, fils aîné et héritier de Ramsès II", "publisher": "Thotweb scholarly Egyptology archive", "url": "https://www.thotweb.com/pro/payraudeau1999.php" }, { "id": "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "title": "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt", "publisher": "Thames & Hudson", "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Royal_Families_of_Ancient_E.html?id=P7CpQgAACAAJ" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-ramesses-survives", "label": "The model allows Ramesses II to survive the sea crossing because Exodus does not explicitly state that Pharaoh himself died.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical textual-interpretation claim", "description": "The destruction of Pharaoh’s pursuing forces is retained without identifying the king among the dead.", "sourceIds": [], "confidence": "plausible", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1254-01-01", "end": "-1254-12-31", "label": "1255 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "textual-interpretation" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "ramesses-survives" }, "eventRef": "exodus", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-wilderness-1254-1214", "label": "A forty-year project interval from 1254 BCE ends around 1214 BCE.", "domain": "Egypt and Exodus", "type": "canonical chronological-model claim", "description": "The forty years may be schematic, but the interval must end before Israel’s c. 1208 BCE external attestation.", "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "confidence": "model-dependent", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1234-01-01", "end": "-1234-12-31", "label": "1235 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "chronological-model" ], "polarity": "positive", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "wilderness-1254-1214" }, "eventRef": "sinai-wilderness", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" } ] }, { "id": "canonical-claim-israel-1208-boundary", "label": "The Merneptah Stela requires a people called Israel to be present in Canaan by about 1208 BCE.", "domain": "Settlement and Monarchy", "type": "canonical external-evidence claim", "description": "It does not explain Israel’s origin or prove the Exodus.", "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "confidence": "documented", "repairCost": 2, "date": { "start": "-1211-01-01", "end": "-1211-12-31", "label": "1212 BCE" }, "tags": [ "canonical-ingest", "project-claim", "external-evidence" ], "polarity": "negative", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "entityRef": { "type": "project-claim", "id": "israel-1208-boundary" }, "eventRef": "israel-canaan", "eventId": "", "outgoing": [], "incoming": [], "rules": [], "modelStates": [ { "modelId": "adopted", "modelName": "Adopted project reconstruction", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "conventional", "modelName": "Conventional comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false }, { "modelId": "early-exodus", "modelName": "Early Exodus comparison", "state": "unknown", "core": false } ], "sourceDetails": [ { "id": "ahlstrom-merneptah", "title": "Merneptah’s Israel", "publisher": "Journal of Near Eastern Studies / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/373106" }, { "id": "isac-ancient-israel", "title": "Ancient Israel: Highlights from the Collections", "publisher": "Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, University of Chicago", "url": "https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oimp31.pdf" } ] } ], "formalRules": [ { "id": "exclusive-exodus", "title": "Two Exodus dates selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "message": "A single departure cannot occupy both the 1446 BCE and 1254 BCE dates.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "exodus-late" ], "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "A single departure cannot occupy both the 1446 BCE and 1254 BCE dates.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "exclusive-joseph-setting", "title": "Two Joseph settings selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The same Joseph model cannot simultaneously be assigned to the Hyksos and an explicitly earlier setting.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "joseph-earlier-egypt" ], "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The same Joseph model cannot simultaneously be assigned to the Hyksos and an explicitly earlier setting.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "exclusive-birth", "title": "Two incompatible birth intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The exact September 11, 3 BCE claim does not lie inside the conventional 6–4 BCE interval.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "birth-conventional" ], "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The exact September 11, 3 BCE claim does not lie inside the conventional 6–4 BCE interval.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exclusive-herod", "title": "Two Herod-death intervals selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The conventional 4 BCE and minority 1 BCE death intervals are alternatives.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "herod-death-4", "herod-death-1" ], "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The conventional 4 BCE and minority 1 BCE death intervals are alternatives.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exclusive-census", "title": "Two census identifications selected", "category": "semantic-ambiguity", "severity": "major", "message": "The securely dated 6 CE census and an earlier registration are distinct historical solutions.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "census-6ce", "census-earlier" ], "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "acts-5", "josephus-ant18", "net-luke-2-note" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The securely dated 6 CE census and an earlier registration are distinct historical solutions.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exclusive-crucifixion", "title": "Two crucifixion years selected", "category": "hard-logical", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The singular crucifixion cannot occur in both 30 and 33 CE.", "kind": "exclusive", "claims": [ "crucifixion-30", "crucifixion-33" ], "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The singular crucifixion cannot occur in both 30 and 33 CE.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "logical necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "hyksos-long-early", "title": "Hyksos Joseph and four-century sojourn conflict with 1446 BCE", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The selected Hyksos Joseph window leaves far less than four centuries before an early Exodus.", "kind": "all-accepted", "claims": [ "joseph-hyksos", "long-sojourn", "exodus-early" ], "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Global" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "luke-3" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The selected Hyksos Joseph window leaves far less than four centuries before an early Exodus.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Global" ] } }, { "id": "rameses-early-needs-editorial", "title": "Early Exodus requires an editorial Rameses hypothesis", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "message": "A contemporary Ramesside place-name cannot be retained in a 1446 BCE Exodus without an editorial-update hypothesis.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "exodus-early", "rameses-contemporary" ], "alternatives": [ "rameses-editorial" ], "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "A contemporary Ramesside place-name cannot be retained in a 1446 BCE Exodus without an editorial-update hypothesis.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-rev12", "title": "Exact birth date loses its Revelation premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The exact September 11 conclusion requires the calendrical Revelation 12 interpretation.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "rev12-calendrical" ], "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The exact September 11 conclusion requires the calendrical Revelation 12 interpretation.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-tishri", "title": "Exact birth date loses its calendar premise", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The exact date requires the Tishri 1 identification.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "tishri1-identification" ], "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The exact date requires the Tishri 1 identification.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-star", "title": "Exact birth date loses its astronomical context", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "major", "message": "The project model requires the adopted royal-star sequence as an interpretive context.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "royal-star-sequence" ], "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The project model requires the adopted royal-star sequence as an interpretive context.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "exact-birth-needs-herod1", "title": "Exact birth date requires a later Herod boundary", "category": "model-contradiction", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The September 3 BCE birth model cannot use the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3" ], "alternatives": [ "herod-death-1" ], "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The September 3 BCE birth model cannot use the conventional 4 BCE death of Herod.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "model definition", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "earlier-census-needs-solution", "title": "Earlier census requires a stated reconciliation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "message": "An earlier registration should identify either a distinct administrative process or a defensible translation proposal.", "kind": "requires-any", "claims": [ "census-earlier" ], "alternatives": [ "luke-before-quirinius" ], "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2", "net-luke-2-note" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "An earlier registration should identify either a distinct administrative process or a defensible translation proposal.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "terru-before-abraham", "title": "Terru must precede or overlap Abraham’s call", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "major", "message": "The identity proposal requires Terru’s active interval to precede or overlap Abraham’s departure window.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "terru-is-terah", "terru-active", "abraham-call-date" ], "left": "terru-active", "right": "abraham-call-date", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The identity proposal requires Terru’s active interval to precede or overlap Abraham’s departure window.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "zannanza-before-early", "title": "Oppression trigger occurs after the early Exodus", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The proposed Zannanza/post-Amarna trigger must precede the Exodus it is meant to explain.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-early" ], "left": "zannanza-oppression", "right": "exodus-early", "relation": "before", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The proposed Zannanza/post-Amarna trigger must precede the Exodus it is meant to explain.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "zannanza-before-late", "title": "Oppression trigger precedes the late Exodus", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "message": "The proposed oppression trigger precedes the late Ramesside Exodus window.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "zannanza-oppression", "exodus-late" ], "left": "zannanza-oppression", "right": "exodus-late", "relation": "before", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-kadesh" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The proposed oppression trigger precedes the late Ramesside Exodus window.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "entry-early-before-merneptah", "title": "Early entry precedes Merneptah", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "message": "The early model leaves a large interval before the Merneptah Stela.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "entry-early", "merneptah-israel" ], "left": "entry-early", "right": "merneptah-israel", "relation": "before", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The early model leaves a large interval before the Merneptah Stela.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "entry-late-before-merneptah", "title": "Late entry must precede Merneptah", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "Entry into Canaan must occur before Israel is attested by Merneptah.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "entry-late", "merneptah-israel" ], "left": "entry-late", "right": "merneptah-israel", "relation": "before", "warnGapDays": 3650, "warnTitle": "Late chronology is tightly compressed", "warnMessage": "The surviving interval before Merneptah is less than ten years.", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Entry into Canaan must occur before Israel is attested by Merneptah.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] }, "minGapDays": 1, "analysisNote": "Warn when the surviving interval is narrower than 3650 days." }, { "id": "birth-before-herod4", "title": "Birth must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "Matthew requires Herod alive after Jesus’s birth.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-4" ], "left": "birth-sept11-3", "right": "herod-death-4", "relation": "before", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Matthew requires Herod alive after Jesus’s birth.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "birth-before-herod1", "title": "Birth precedes minority Herod death", "category": "support", "severity": "support", "message": "The exact birth date precedes the minority Herod-death interval.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "herod-death-1" ], "left": "birth-sept11-3", "right": "herod-death-1", "relation": "before", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The exact birth date precedes the minority Herod-death interval.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "conventional-birth-before-herod4", "title": "Conventional birth range must precede Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The selected birth interval must leave room for the Magi episode before Herod’s death.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "herod-death-4" ], "left": "birth-conventional", "right": "herod-death-4", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant17" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The selected birth interval must leave room for the Magi episode before Herod’s death.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "magi-after-birth-rule", "title": "Magi visit follows the birth", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The modeled Magi visit cannot precede Jesus’s birth.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "magi-after-birth", "magi-visit-project" ], "left": "birth-sept11-3", "right": "magi-visit-project", "relation": "before", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The modeled Magi visit cannot precede Jesus’s birth.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "magi-before-herod-rule", "title": "Magi visit occurs while Herod is alive", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The Magi episode must occur before the selected death of Herod.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "magi-visit-project", "herod-death-1" ], "left": "magi-visit-project", "right": "herod-death-1", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The Magi episode must occur before the selected death of Herod.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "flight-after-magi-rule", "title": "Flight follows the Magi visit", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The flight into Egypt cannot precede the Magi episode.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "flight-after-magi", "magi-visit-project", "flight-project" ], "left": "magi-visit-project", "right": "flight-project", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The flight into Egypt cannot precede the Magi episode.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "flight-before-herod-rule", "title": "Flight occurs before Herod’s death", "category": "hard-chronological", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The flight must occur before the death that triggers the return.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "flight-project", "herod-death-1" ], "left": "flight-project", "right": "herod-death-1", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The flight must occur before the death that triggers the return.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "return-after-herod-rule", "title": "Return follows Herod’s death", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "message": "Matthew places the return after Herod’s death.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "return-after-herod", "herod-death-1", "return-project" ], "left": "return-project", "right": "herod-death-1", "relation": "after", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Matthew places the return after Herod’s death.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "presentation-before-flight-rule", "title": "Presentation must fit before emergency departure", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "message": "The selected harmony places the presentation before the flight; overlapping windows require narrative compression or altered delays.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "presentation-forty", "flight-project" ], "left": "presentation-forty", "right": "flight-project", "relation": "before-or-overlap", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "luke-2" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The selected harmony places the presentation before the flight; overlapping windows require narrative compression or altered delays.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 0 }, { "id": "ministry-age-sept11", "title": "About thirty must fit the exact birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "message": "The elapsed age at ministry start should remain within the selected “about thirty” teaching range.", "kind": "age", "claims": [ "birth-sept11-3", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "birth": "birth-sept11-3", "event": "ministry-28", "minYears": 27, "maxYears": 33, "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "luke-2", "revelation-12", "heiser-sept11", "luke-3" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The elapsed age at ministry start should remain within the selected “about thirty” teaching range.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "ministry-age-conventional", "title": "About thirty must fit the conventional birth model", "category": "age-constraint", "severity": "major", "message": "The broad conventional birth range produces a wider age interval that should be reported rather than hidden.", "kind": "age", "claims": [ "birth-conventional", "ministry-28", "about-thirty" ], "birth": "birth-conventional", "event": "ministry-28", "minYears": 27, "maxYears": 36, "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "matthew-1-2", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "luke-3" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The broad conventional birth range produces a wider age interval that should be reported rather than hidden.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "historical reconstruction", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] } }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-30", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-30" ], "left": "ministry-28", "right": "crucifixion-30", "relation": "before", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "crucifixion-after-ministry-33", "title": "Crucifixion follows ministry", "category": "narrative-order", "severity": "fatal", "message": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "kind": "temporal", "claims": [ "ministry-28", "crucifixion-33" ], "left": "ministry-28", "right": "crucifixion-33", "relation": "before", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ], "authoredBy": "Bible Timeline research project", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "reviewStatus": "project rule", "sourceIds": [ "luke-3", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "The crucifixion must occur after the start of the ministry.", "introducedVersion": "15.0", "authority": "chronological necessity", "scope": [ "Birth Chronology" ] }, "minGapDays": 1 }, { "id": "canonical-order-primeval-history-terru-terah", "title": "Genesis 1–11: Primeval History precedes Terru of Urkesh and Terah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-primeval-history", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-terru-terah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-primeval-history", "right": "canonical-event-terru-terah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-primeval-history", "canonical-event-terru-terah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 1–11: Primeval History before Terru of Urkesh and Terah.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-terru-terah-abraham-call", "title": "Terru of Urkesh and Terah precedes Abraham’s Call and Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-terru-terah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-abraham-call", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-terru-terah", "right": "canonical-event-abraham-call", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-terru-terah", "canonical-event-abraham-call" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Terru of Urkesh and Terah before Abraham’s Call and Migration.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "urkesh-terru", "met-babylon" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-abraham-call-mari-zimrilim", "title": "Abraham’s Call and Migration precedes Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-abraham-call", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-abraham-call", "right": "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-abraham-call", "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abraham’s Call and Migration before Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "durand-arm28" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-mari-zimrilim-amraphel-hammurabi", "title": "Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive precedes Genesis 14 and Hammurabi", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "right": "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-mari-zimrilim", "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Mari, Zimri-Lim, and the Old Babylonian Archive before Genesis 14 and Hammurabi.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "durand-arm28", "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-amraphel-hammurabi-isaac-jacob", "title": "Genesis 14 and Hammurabi precedes Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-isaac-jacob", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "right": "canonical-event-isaac-jacob", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-amraphel-hammurabi", "canonical-event-isaac-jacob" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Genesis 14 and Hammurabi before Isaac, Jacob, and the Twelve Sons.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "urkesh-terru" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Patriarchs" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-joseph-hyksos-jacob-egypt", "title": "Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh precedes Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "right": "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-joseph-hyksos", "canonical-event-jacob-egypt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Joseph Serves a Hyksos Pharaoh before Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jacob-egypt-hyksos-egypt", "title": "Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt precedes Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "right": "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jacob-egypt", "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jacob’s Household Enters Egypt before Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-egypt-hittite-sack-babylon", "title": "Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt precedes Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "right": "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-egypt", "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hyksos Rule in Northern Egypt before Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "stantis-hyksos", "met-babylon" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-hittite-sack-babylon-hyksos-expulsion", "title": "Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty precedes Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "right": "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-hittite-sack-babylon", "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hittite Sack of Babylon and the End of the Old Babylonian Dynasty before Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-hyksos-expulsion-thutmose-megiddo", "title": "Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude precedes Thutmose III at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "right": "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-hyksos-expulsion", "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahmose I Captures Avaris; Proposed Beginning of Servitude before Thutmose III at Megiddo.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "lichtheim-ahmose-abana", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-thutmose-megiddo-egyptian-empire", "title": "Thutmose III at Megiddo precedes Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "right": "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-thutmose-megiddo", "canonical-event-egyptian-empire" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Thutmose III at Megiddo before Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti", "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-egyptian-empire-amarna-crisis", "title": "Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan precedes Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "right": "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-egyptian-empire", "canonical-event-amarna-crisis" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egypt Builds an Empire in Canaan before Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-hyksos", "arce-ramessides" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-crisis-amarna-letters", "title": "Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis precedes The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "right": "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-crisis", "canonical-event-amarna-letters" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Akhenaten and the Amarna Crisis before The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-amarna-letters-tutankhamun-death", "title": "The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics precedes Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "right": "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-amarna-letters", "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Amarna Letters and Canaanite Vassal Politics before Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "isac-ancient-israel", "arce-ramessides" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-tutankhamun-death-zannanza-affair", "title": "Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir precedes The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "right": "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-tutankhamun-death", "canonical-event-zannanza-affair" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tutankhamun Dies Without an Heir before The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "gueterbock-deeds", "isac-seti" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-zannanza-affair-moses-born", "title": "The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis precedes Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-moses-born", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "right": "canonical-event-moses-born", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-zannanza-affair", "canonical-event-moses-born" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Daḫamunzu–Zannanza Crisis before Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "isac-seti" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-moses-born-horemheb-oppression", "title": "Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses precedes Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-moses-born", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-moses-born", "right": "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-born", "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Decree Against Hebrew Male Infants and Birth of Moses before Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "gueterbock-deeds", "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-horemheb-oppression-moses-midian", "title": "Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight precedes Moses Flees to Midian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-moses-midian", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "right": "canonical-event-moses-midian", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-horemheb-oppression", "canonical-event-moses-midian" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Horemheb’s Restoration and Moses’s Flight before Moses Flees to Midian.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "horemheb-edict-mma", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-moses-midian-seti-campaigns", "title": "Moses Flees to Midian precedes Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-moses-midian", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-moses-midian", "right": "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-midian", "canonical-event-seti-campaigns" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Moses Flees to Midian before Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "isac-ancient-israel", "isac-seti" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-seti-campaigns-ramesses-reign", "title": "Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria precedes Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "right": "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-seti-campaigns", "canonical-event-ramesses-reign" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seti I Campaigns in Canaan and Syria before Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-seti", "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ramesses-reign-kadesh", "title": "Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase precedes Battle of Kadesh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-kadesh", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "right": "canonical-event-kadesh", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ramesses-reign", "canonical-event-kadesh" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ramesses II, Pi-Ramesses, and the Final Labor Phase before Battle of Kadesh.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "arce-ramessides", "qantir-project", "franzmeier-piramesse-2024", "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-kadesh-egypt-hatti-treaty", "title": "Battle of Kadesh precedes Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-kadesh", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-kadesh", "right": "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-kadesh", "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Battle of Kadesh before Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "isac-seti", "wilson-kadesh-texts" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-egypt-hatti-treaty-burning-bush", "title": "Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty precedes The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-burning-bush", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "right": "canonical-event-burning-bush", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-egypt-hatti-treaty", "canonical-event-burning-bush" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty before The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-kadesh", "wilson-kadesh-texts", "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-burning-bush-plagues-passover", "title": "The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt precedes Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-burning-bush", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-plagues-passover", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-burning-bush", "right": "canonical-event-plagues-passover", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-burning-bush", "canonical-event-plagues-passover" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Burning Bush and Moses’s Return to Egypt before Death of Amun-her-khepeshef and the First Passover.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "arce-ramessides", "payraudeau-amunherkhepeshef-1999", "dodson-hilton-royal-families", "theban-mapping-kv5" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-sea-crossing-sinai-wilderness", "title": "Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing precedes Sinai Covenant and Wilderness", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "right": "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-sea-crossing", "canonical-event-sinai-wilderness" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Departure from Egypt and the Sea Crossing before Sinai Covenant and Wilderness.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "qantir-project", "bas-dating-exodus", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Egypt and Exodus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-moses-death-jordan-jericho-campaign", "title": "Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan precedes Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jericho-campaign", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "right": "canonical-event-jericho-campaign", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-moses-death-jordan", "canonical-event-jericho-campaign" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Moses and Crossing of the Jordan before Jericho and Joshua’s Central Campaign.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "ahlstrom-merneptah", "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-israel-canaan-merneptah", "title": "Israel Becomes Established in Canaan precedes Merneptah Stela Names Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-merneptah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "right": "canonical-event-merneptah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-israel-canaan", "canonical-event-merneptah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Israel Becomes Established in Canaan before Merneptah Stela Names Israel.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-merneptah-shechem-joshua-death", "title": "Merneptah Stela Names Israel precedes Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-merneptah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-merneptah", "right": "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-merneptah", "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merneptah Stela Names Israel before Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-shechem-joshua-death-judges-dan-migration", "title": "Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua precedes Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "right": "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-shechem-joshua-death", "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Covenant Renewal at Shechem and the Death of Joshua before Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "ahlstrom-merneptah" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-dan-migration-judges-benjamin-war", "title": "Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration precedes Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "right": "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-dan-migration", "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Micah’s Shrine and the Danite Migration before Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-benjamin-war-bronze-age-collapse", "title": "Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War precedes The Late Bronze Age Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "right": "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges-benjamin-war", "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gibeah Crisis and the Benjaminite Civil War before The Late Bronze Age Collapse.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-collapse-nuance" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-bronze-age-collapse-judge-othniel", "title": "The Late Bronze Age Collapse precedes Othniel and the Southern Deliverance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "right": "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-bronze-age-collapse", "canonical-event-judge-othniel" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Late Bronze Age Collapse before Othniel and the Southern Deliverance.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-othniel-judge-ehud", "title": "Othniel and the Southern Deliverance precedes Ehud and the Moabite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "right": "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-othniel", "canonical-event-judge-ehud" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Othniel and the Southern Deliverance before Ehud and the Moabite Crisis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ehud-philistine-settlement", "title": "Ehud and the Moabite Crisis precedes Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "right": "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ehud", "canonical-event-philistine-settlement" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ehud and the Moabite Crisis before Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "cline-hazor", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-philistine-settlement-judge-shamgar", "title": "Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain precedes Shamgar and Local Resistance", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "right": "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-philistine-settlement", "canonical-event-judge-shamgar" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Philistine Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain before Shamgar and Local Resistance.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cline-hazor", "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-philistines", "feldman-philistine-dna-2019", "killebrew-lehmann-sea-peoples-2013", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "cambridge-early-iron-levant" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-shamgar-judge-deborah-barak", "title": "Shamgar and Local Resistance precedes Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "right": "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-shamgar", "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shamgar and Local Resistance before Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-deborah-barak-judges", "title": "Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition precedes Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judges", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "right": "canonical-event-judges", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-deborah-barak", "canonical-event-judges" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Deborah, Barak, and the Northern Coalition before Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judges-judge-gideon", "title": "Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles precedes Gideon and the Midianite Raids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judges", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judges", "right": "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judges", "canonical-event-judge-gideon" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judges Era: Regional Deliverers and Overlapping Cycles before Gideon and the Midianite Raids.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-gideon-judge-abimelech", "title": "Gideon and the Midianite Raids precedes Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "right": "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-gideon", "canonical-event-judge-abimelech" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gideon and the Midianite Raids before Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-abimelech-judge-tola-jair", "title": "Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem precedes Tola and Jair", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "right": "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-abimelech", "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Abimelech’s Rule at Shechem before Tola and Jair.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-tola-jair-judge-jephthah", "title": "Tola and Jair precedes Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "right": "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-tola-jair", "canonical-event-judge-jephthah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tola and Jair before Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480", "abr-early-defense" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-jephthah-judge-samson", "title": "Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim precedes Samson and the Philistine Frontier", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-samson", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "right": "canonical-event-judge-samson", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-jephthah", "canonical-event-judge-samson" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jephthah, Ammon, and the “Three Hundred Years” Claim before Samson and the Philistine Frontier.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "laato-480", "abr-early-defense", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-samson-shiloh-samuel", "title": "Samson and the Philistine Frontier precedes Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-samson", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-samson", "right": "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-samson", "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samson and the Philistine Frontier before Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-shiloh-samuel-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "title": "Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis precedes Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "right": "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-shiloh-samuel", "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shiloh, Samuel, and the Ark Crisis before Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon-ruth-judges", "title": "Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon precedes Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "right": "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judge-ibzan-elon-abdon", "canonical-event-ruth-judges" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon before Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "laato-480" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ruth-judges-ark-captured-aphek", "title": "Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy precedes The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "right": "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ruth-judges", "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ruth, Bethlehem, and the Davidic Genealogy before The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ark-captured-aphek-samuel-mizpah", "title": "The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh precedes Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "right": "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-captured-aphek", "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Captured at Aphek and the Fall of Shiloh before Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-samuel-mizpah-saul", "title": "Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal precedes Saul and the First Monarchy", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-saul", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "right": "canonical-event-saul", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-samuel-mizpah", "canonical-event-saul" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Samuel at Mizpah and the Philistine Reversal before Saul and the First Monarchy.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-saul-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "title": "Saul and the First Monarchy precedes Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-saul", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-saul", "right": "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-saul", "canonical-event-post-collapse-power-vacuum" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Saul and the First Monarchy before Post-Collapse Great-Power Vacuum.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "cambridge-early-iron-levant", "oxford-assyria-nadir" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Settlement and Monarchy" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-trojan-war-horizon-sea-peoples-crisis", "title": "Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval precedes Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "right": "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-trojan-war-horizon", "canonical-event-sea-peoples-crisis" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Troy, the Trojan War Horizon, and Aegean–Anatolian Upheaval before Sea Peoples Movements and Egypt’s Defensive Wars.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Late Bronze Age Collapse" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-homer-hittite-troy", "cambridge-iliad-troy-horizon", "cambridge-collapse-nuance", "isac-medinet-habu-oip8", "isac-medinet-habu-saoc12", "ugarit-enemy-ships" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Late Bronze Age Collapse" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-david-captures-jerusalem-ark-davidic-covenant", "title": "David Captures Jerusalem precedes The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "right": "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-david-captures-jerusalem", "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Captures Jerusalem before The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ark-davidic-covenant-david", "title": "The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant precedes David Makes Jerusalem the Capital", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-david", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "right": "canonical-event-david", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ark-davidic-covenant", "canonical-event-david" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Ark Brought to Jerusalem and the Davidic Covenant before David Makes Jerusalem the Capital.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-david-absalom-revolt", "title": "David Makes Jerusalem the Capital precedes Absalom’s Revolt Against David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-david", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-david", "right": "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-david", "canonical-event-absalom-revolt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places David Makes Jerusalem the Capital before Absalom’s Revolt Against David.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-absalom-revolt-first-temple-dedication", "title": "Absalom’s Revolt Against David precedes Construction and Dedication of the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "right": "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-absalom-revolt", "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Absalom’s Revolt Against David before Construction and Dedication of the First Temple.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-antiquities-index", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-temple-dedication-solomon", "title": "Construction and Dedication of the First Temple precedes Solomon and the First Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-solomon", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "right": "canonical-event-solomon", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-temple-dedication", "canonical-event-solomon" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Construction and Dedication of the First Temple before Solomon and the First Temple.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-cyrus-diaspora", "isac-ancient-israel", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-solomon-divided-kingdom", "title": "Solomon and the First Temple precedes The Kingdom Divides", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-solomon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-solomon", "right": "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-solomon", "canonical-event-divided-kingdom" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Solomon and the First Temple before The Kingdom Divides.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-divided-kingdom-shoshenq-campaign", "title": "The Kingdom Divides precedes Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "right": "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-divided-kingdom", "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Kingdom Divides before Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-shoshenq-campaign-omri-samaria", "title": "Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel precedes Omri Founds Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "right": "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-shoshenq-campaign", "canonical-event-omri-samaria" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shoshenq I Campaigns in Judah and Israel before Omri Founds Samaria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-omri-samaria-elijah-carmel", "title": "Omri Founds Samaria precedes Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "right": "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-omri-samaria", "canonical-event-elijah-carmel" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Omri Founds Samaria before Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-elijah-carmel-qarqar", "title": "Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation precedes Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-qarqar", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "right": "canonical-event-qarqar", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-elijah-carmel", "canonical-event-qarqar" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elijah and the Mount Carmel Confrontation before Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria-iberia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-qarqar-hazael-aram-damascus", "title": "Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce precedes Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-qarqar", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-qarqar", "right": "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-qarqar", "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ahab at Qarqar and the Israel–Damascus Truce before Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "src-dc5565089681", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-hazael-aram-damascus-jehu", "title": "Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah precedes Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jehu", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "right": "canonical-event-jehu", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-hazael-aram-damascus", "canonical-event-jehu" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Hazael Rises in Damascus and Aram Pressures Israel and Judah before Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "bm-black-obelisk" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jehu-mesha-stele", "title": "Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria precedes The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jehu", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jehu", "right": "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehu", "canonical-event-mesha-stele" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehu Pays Tribute to Assyria before The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-black-obelisk", "met-assyria", "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-mesha-stele-athaliah-joash-restoration", "title": "The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt precedes Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "right": "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-mesha-stele", "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Mesha Stele and Moab’s Revolt before Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "louvre-mesha-fragments", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-athaliah-joash-restoration-tel-dan-stele", "title": "Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line precedes The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "right": "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-athaliah-joash-restoration", "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Athaliah Seizes Judah; Joash Preserves the Davidic Line before The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "jewish-museum-tel-dan" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-tel-dan-stele-elisha-aramean-wars", "title": "The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David precedes Elisha and the Aramean Wars", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "right": "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-tel-dan-stele", "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Tel Dan Stele and the House of David before Elisha and the Aramean Wars.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-east-med", "louvre-mesha", "met-assyria" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-elisha-aramean-wars-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "title": "Elisha and the Aramean Wars precedes Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "right": "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-elisha-aramean-wars", "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Elisha and the Aramean Wars before Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior”.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "louvre-mesha", "jewish-museum-tel-dan", "met-assyria", "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction-jeroboam-uzziah", "title": "Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” precedes Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "right": "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-adad-nirari-savior-reconstruction", "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Adad-nirari III and Israel’s Unnamed “Savior” before Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-adad-nirari-rimah", "lexham-adad-nirari", "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jeroboam-uzziah-tiglath-pileser", "title": "Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum precedes 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "right": "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jeroboam-uzziah", "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jeroboam II’s Expansion in the Assyrian–Aramean Power Vacuum before 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-tiglath-pileser-menahem-tribute-assyria", "title": "745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion precedes Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "right": "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiglath-pileser", "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places 745 BCE: Tiglath-pileser III Reboots Assyrian Expansion before Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-tiglath-pileser-iii", "oracc-israel-tiglath-pileser", "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-menahem-tribute-assyria-syro-ephraimite", "title": "Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III precedes The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "right": "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-menahem-tribute-assyria", "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Menahem of Israel Pays Tribute to Tiglath-pileser III before The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-syro-ephraimite-assyria-damascus-galilee", "title": "The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis precedes Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "right": "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-syro-ephraimite", "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Syro-Ephraimite Crisis before Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-assyria-damascus-galilee-samaria-falls", "title": "Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee precedes Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "right": "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-assyria-damascus-galilee", "canonical-event-samaria-falls" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Assyria Captures Damascus and Galilee before Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-samaria-falls-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "title": "Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria precedes Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "right": "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-samaria-falls", "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and the Fall of Samaria before Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-east-med", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-yau-bidi-western-revolt-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "title": "Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria precedes Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "right": "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-yau-bidi-western-revolt", "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Yau-bi’di’s Western Revolt after Samaria before Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-yau-bidi-rinap", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ashdod-revolt-sargon-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "title": "Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt precedes Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "right": "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ashdod-revolt-sargon", "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Crushes the Ashdod Revolt before Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-taharqa-701" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context-merodach-baladan-embassy", "title": "Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria precedes Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "right": "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-kushite-egypt-anti-assyrian-context", "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Kushite Egypt Becomes the Southern Counterweight to Assyria before Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-taharqa-701", "oracc-ashdod-sargon-711", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-merodach-baladan-embassy-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "title": "Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah precedes Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "right": "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-merodach-baladan-embassy", "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Merodach-baladan Sends Envoys to Hezekiah before Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-assyria", "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "bm-sennacherib-prism" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt-hezekiah-tunnel", "title": "Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt precedes Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "right": "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-sargon-ii-death-hezekiah-revolt", "canonical-event-hezekiah-tunnel" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sargon II Dies in Battle: The Opening for Hezekiah’s Revolt before Hezekiah’s Waterworks and the Siloam Inscriptions.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oracc-sargon-ii", "oracc-sargon-death-705", "isac-merodach-baladan-hezekiah", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "bm-shebna", "bm-lachish" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-sennacherib-manasseh-reign", "title": "Sennacherib Invades Judah precedes Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-sennacherib", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-sennacherib", "right": "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-sennacherib", "canonical-event-manasseh-reign" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Sennacherib Invades Judah before Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish", "bm-sennacherib-prism", "met-assyria", "isac-taharqa-701", "met-assyria-iberia" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-manasseh-reign-josiah", "title": "Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage precedes Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "right": "canonical-event-josiah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-manasseh-reign", "canonical-event-josiah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Manasseh’s Reign and Assyrian Vassalage before Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-assyria-iberia", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-josiah-scroll-passover", "title": "Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse precedes The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-josiah", "right": "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah", "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah’s Reform and Assyria’s Collapse before The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-scroll-passover-fall-nineveh-assyria", "title": "The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover precedes Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "right": "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-scroll-passover", "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Torah Scroll Discovery and Josiah’s Passover before Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-assyria", "met-late-egypt", "isac-ancient-israel", "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-fall-nineveh-assyria-josiah-death-megiddo", "title": "Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses precedes Josiah Dies at Megiddo", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "right": "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-fall-nineveh-assyria", "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nineveh Falls and the Assyrian Empire Collapses before Josiah Dies at Megiddo.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-fall-nineveh-chronicle", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-josiah-death-megiddo-carchemish", "title": "Josiah Dies at Megiddo precedes Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-carchemish", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "right": "canonical-event-carchemish", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-josiah-death-megiddo", "canonical-event-carchemish" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Josiah Dies at Megiddo before Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "met-assyria", "met-necho-ii-levant", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-carchemish-judah-final-kings-transition", "title": "Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish precedes Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-carchemish", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-carchemish", "right": "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-carchemish", "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Babylon Defeats Egypt at Carchemish before Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia", "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-judah-final-kings-transition-jerusalem-586", "title": "Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah precedes Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-586", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "right": "canonical-event-jerusalem-586", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-judah-final-kings-transition", "canonical-event-jerusalem-586" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judah’s Final Kings: Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah before Jerusalem and the First Temple Destroyed.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "bm-chronicle-general", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-east-med", "met-mesopotamia" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Divided Monarchy and Assyria" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-daniel-first-captives-first-babylonian-exile", "title": "Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon precedes Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "right": "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-daniel-first-captives", "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Daniel and the First Judean Captives in Babylon before Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-chronicle-general", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-babylonian-exile-ezekiel-call", "title": "Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin precedes Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "right": "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-babylonian-exile", "canonical-event-ezekiel-call" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nebuchadnezzar Captures Jerusalem and Exiles Jehoiachin before Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-mesopotamia", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ezekiel-call-lachish-letters", "title": "Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon precedes The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "right": "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ezekiel-call", "canonical-event-lachish-letters" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ezekiel’s Prophetic Call in Babylon before The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-lachish-letters-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "title": "The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense precedes Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "right": "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-lachish-letters", "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Lachish Letters and Judah’s Final Defense before Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-lachish-letter1", "bm-lachish-letter2", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel-gedaliah-aftermath", "title": "Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel precedes Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "right": "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-fall-reported-ezekiel", "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem’s Fall Reported to Ezekiel before Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-babylon", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-gedaliah-aftermath-jehoiachin-released", "title": "Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction precedes Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "right": "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-gedaliah-aftermath", "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Gedaliah, Mizpah, and the Aftermath of Destruction before Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-mesopotamia", "isac-ancient-israel", "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jehoiachin-released-zerubbabel-return", "title": "Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment precedes Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "right": "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jehoiachin-released", "canonical-event-zerubbabel-return" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Imprisonment before Return under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-babylon", "bm-babylon-chronicle-597", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "met-achaemenid", "bm-cyrus-cylinder" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Exile and Restoration" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-cyrus-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "title": "Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return precedes Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-cyrus", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-cyrus", "right": "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-cyrus", "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cyrus Conquers Babylon and Authorizes Return before Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-behistun-darius" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart-second-temple", "title": "Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project precedes The Second Temple Completed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-second-temple", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "right": "canonical-event-second-temple", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-haggai-zechariah-temple-restart", "canonical-event-second-temple" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haggai and Zechariah Restart the Temple Project before The Second Temple Completed.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "iranica-behistun-darius", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-second-temple-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "title": "The Second Temple Completed precedes Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-second-temple", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-second-temple", "right": "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-second-temple", "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Second Temple Completed before Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-east-med", "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-third-year-banquet-xerxes-greek-invasion", "title": "Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti precedes Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "right": "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-third-year-banquet", "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes’ Third Year: The Susa Banquet and Vashti before Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-xerxes-greek-invasion-esther-persian-court", "title": "Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea precedes Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "right": "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-xerxes-greek-invasion", "canonical-event-esther-persian-court" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Xerxes Invades Greece: Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea before Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-ahasuerus", "iranica-esther", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-esther-persian-court-purim-crisis", "title": "Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I precedes Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "right": "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-esther-persian-court", "canonical-event-purim-crisis" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Esther Becomes Queen under Ahasuerus / Xerxes I before Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-ahasuerus", "yamauchi-mordecai-1992", "clines-mordecai-1991", "iranica-susa-achaemenid", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "iranica-purim" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-purim-crisis-ezra-nehemiah", "title": "Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim precedes Ezra and Nehemiah", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "right": "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-purim-crisis", "canonical-event-ezra-nehemiah" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Haman’s Plot and the Institution of Purim before Ezra and Nehemiah.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "iranica-esther", "iranica-purim", "iranica-courts-achaemenid", "met-achaemenid" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-elephantine-community-nehemiah-wall", "title": "The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine precedes Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "right": "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-elephantine-community", "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Judean Community and Temple at Elephantine before Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-late-egypt", "asor-elephantine", "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-nehemiah-wall-malachi-late-persian", "title": "Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall precedes Malachi and the Late Persian Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "right": "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-nehemiah-wall", "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nehemiah Rebuilds Jerusalem’s Wall before Malachi and the Late Persian Community.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-malachi-late-persian-alexander", "title": "Malachi and the Late Persian Community precedes Alexander Conquers the Levant", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-alexander", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "right": "canonical-event-alexander", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-malachi-late-persian", "canonical-event-alexander" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Malachi and the Late Persian Community before Alexander Conquers the Levant.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-achaemenid", "met-cyrus-diaspora", "asor-elephantine", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-alexander-death-diadochi", "title": "Alexander Conquers the Levant precedes Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-alexander", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-alexander", "right": "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander", "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Conquers the Levant before Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-alexander-death-diadochi-maccabees", "title": "Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin precedes Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-maccabees", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "right": "canonical-event-maccabees", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-alexander-death-diadochi", "canonical-event-maccabees" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Alexander Dies; the Diadochi Wars Begin before Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "bas-maccabees" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-maccabees-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "title": "Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication precedes Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-maccabees", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-maccabees", "right": "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-maccabees", "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Maccabean Revolt and Temple Rededication before Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "oxford-hasmoneans" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-seleucid-dynastic-wars-pompey", "title": "Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path precedes Pompey Enters Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-pompey", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "right": "canonical-event-pompey", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-seleucid-dynastic-wars", "canonical-event-pompey" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Seleucid Dynastic Wars Open the Hasmonean Path before Pompey Enters Jerusalem.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oxford-hasmoneans", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-pompey-syria" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Second Temple Period" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-septuagint-origins-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "title": "The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture precedes Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "right": "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-septuagint-origins", "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Greek Translation of Jewish Scripture before Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "codex-sinaiticus", "wacholder-lxx-440", "met-seleucid", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea-battle-panium-seleucid", "title": "Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids precedes Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "right": "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ptolemaic-seleucid-judea", "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Judea between the Ptolemies and Seleucids before Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "met-east-med", "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-battle-panium-seleucid-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "title": "Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea precedes Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "right": "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-battle-panium-seleucid", "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Panium and the Seleucid Takeover of Judea before Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-panion-200", "cambridge-judea-198", "met-seleucid", "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-magnesia-apamea-seleucid-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "title": "Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire precedes Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "right": "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-magnesia-apamea-seleucid", "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Magnesia and the Treaty of Apamea Weaken the Seleucid Empire before Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-hellenistic-apamea", "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum-hasmonean-state", "title": "Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis precedes Hasmonean Independence and Expansion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-hasmonean-state", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "right": "canonical-event-hasmonean-state", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-eleusis-antiochus-roman-ultimatum", "canonical-event-hasmonean-state" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Rome Forces Antiochus IV Out of Egypt at Eleusis before Hasmonean Independence and Expansion.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-seleucid", "bas-maccabees" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-dead-sea-scrolls-community-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "title": "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity precedes Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "right": "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-dead-sea-scrolls-community", "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Jewish Diversity before Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "israel-museum-dss", "iaa-dss-library", "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-caesar-antipater-alexandria-parthian-invasion-herod", "title": "Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater precedes Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "right": "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-caesar-antipater-alexandria", "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Caesar’s Alexandrian War Elevates Antipater before Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "oxford-antipater", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herodian-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-parthian-invasion-herod-herod-temple", "title": "Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome precedes Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-herod-temple", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "right": "canonical-event-herod-temple", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-parthian-invasion-herod", "canonical-event-herod-temple" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Parthian Invasion Drives Herod to Rome before Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herodian-context", "josephus-antiquities-index", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-herod-temple-augustus-principate", "title": "Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple precedes Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-herod-temple", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-herod-temple", "right": "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod-temple", "canonical-event-augustus-principate" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod Rebuilds and Expands the Jerusalem Temple before Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-consensus", "met-east-med", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-augustus-principate-quirinius-census", "title": "Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order precedes Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-quirinius-census", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "right": "canonical-event-quirinius-census", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-augustus-principate", "canonical-event-quirinius-census" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Augustus and the Roman Imperial Order before Rome Annexes Judea: Quirinius, the Census, and Direct Rule.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-judaea-6ce", "cambridge-herodian-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Hellenistic and Roman Judea" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-herod-actium-herod-octavian", "title": "Herod the Great Rules Judea precedes Actium Secures Herod under Octavian", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-herod", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-herod", "right": "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-herod", "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Herod the Great Rules Judea before Actium Secures Herod under Octavian.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-actium-herod-octavian-birth-jesus", "title": "Actium Secures Herod under Octavian precedes Birth of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-birth-jesus", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "right": "canonical-event-birth-jesus", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-actium-herod-octavian", "canonical-event-birth-jesus" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Actium Secures Herod under Octavian before Birth of Jesus.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-herod-actium", "cambridge-herodian-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "cambridge-herod-minority", "vatican-rev12" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-presentation-magi", "title": "Presentation of Jesus in the Temple precedes The Magi Visit the Young Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-magi", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "right": "canonical-event-magi", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-presentation", "canonical-event-magi" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Presentation of Jesus in the Temple before The Magi Visit the Young Jesus.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "heiser-sept11", "heiser-podcast138", "vatican-rev12" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-flight-egypt-herod-death", "title": "Flight into Egypt precedes Death of Herod the Great", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-herod-death", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "right": "canonical-event-herod-death", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-flight-egypt", "canonical-event-herod-death" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Flight into Egypt before Death of Herod the Great.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-herod-minority", "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-consensus" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-return-nazareth-jesus-age-twelve", "title": "Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth precedes Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "right": "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-return-nazareth", "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Return from Egypt and Settlement in Nazareth before Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant17", "cambridge-herod-minority", "cambridge-herod-consensus", "cambridge-jesus-context" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-age-twelve-tiberius-pilate", "title": "Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve precedes Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "right": "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-age-twelve", "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jesus in the Temple at Age Twelve before Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-tiberius-pilate-john-baptist", "title": "Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea precedes John the Baptist’s Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-john-baptist", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "right": "canonical-event-john-baptist", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-tiberius-pilate", "canonical-event-john-baptist" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Tiberius, Pontius Pilate, and Roman Judea before John the Baptist’s Ministry.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jesus-baptism-john-baptist-death", "title": "Baptism of Jesus precedes Death of John the Baptist", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-john-baptist-death", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "right": "canonical-event-john-baptist-death", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jesus-baptism", "canonical-event-john-baptist-death" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Baptism of Jesus before Death of John the Baptist.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "josephus-ant18" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ministry-triumphal-entry", "title": "Ministry of Jesus precedes Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ministry", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-triumphal-entry", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ministry", "right": "canonical-event-triumphal-entry", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ministry", "canonical-event-triumphal-entry" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ministry of Jesus before Triumphal Entry and the Final Jerusalem Week.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-jesus-context", "met-world-empires", "tyndale-tiberius-fifteenth", "mohr-feasts-john", "cambridge-diatessaron-chronology", "cambridge-crucifixion" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Life of Jesus" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-ascension-pentecost-jerusalem-church-growth", "title": "Ascension and Pentecost precedes Growth of the Jerusalem Community", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "right": "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-ascension-pentecost", "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Ascension and Pentecost before Growth of the Jerusalem Community.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-jesus-context", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-church-growth-stephen-martyrdom", "title": "Growth of the Jerusalem Community precedes Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "right": "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-church-growth", "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Growth of the Jerusalem Community before Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-stephen-martyrdom-paul-conversion", "title": "Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion precedes Conversion and Call of Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "right": "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-stephen-martyrdom", "canonical-event-paul-conversion" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Stephen’s Death and the Dispersion before Conversion and Call of Paul.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-conversion-paul-first-jerusalem", "title": "Conversion and Call of Paul precedes Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "right": "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-conversion", "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Conversion and Call of Paul before Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-jerusalem-cornelius-gentile-mission", "title": "Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit precedes Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "right": "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-jerusalem", "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Post-Conversion Jerusalem Visit before Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-cornelius-gentile-mission-antioch-church", "title": "Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission precedes The Church at Antioch", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-antioch-church", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "right": "canonical-event-antioch-church", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-cornelius-gentile-mission", "canonical-event-antioch-church" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Cornelius and the Opening of the Gentile Mission before The Church at Antioch.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-antioch-church-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "title": "The Church at Antioch precedes James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-antioch-church", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-antioch-church", "right": "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-antioch-church", "canonical-event-james-zebedee-peter-prison" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Church at Antioch before James Son of Zebedee Killed and Peter Imprisoned.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant19" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-agrippa-i-death-claudian-judean-famine", "title": "Death of Herod Agrippa I precedes The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "right": "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-agrippa-i-death", "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of Herod Agrippa I before The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant19", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-claudian-judean-famine-paul-first-journey", "title": "The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission precedes Paul’s First Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "right": "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudian-judean-famine", "canonical-event-paul-first-journey" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Claudian Judean Famine and the Antioch Relief Mission before Paul’s First Missionary Journey.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-first-journey-jerusalem-council", "title": "Paul’s First Missionary Journey precedes The Jerusalem Council", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-council", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "right": "canonical-event-jerusalem-council", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-first-journey", "canonical-event-jerusalem-council" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Missionary Journey before The Jerusalem Council.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-claudius-jews-rome-paul-second-journey", "title": "Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome precedes Paul’s Second Missionary Journey", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "right": "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-claudius-jews-rome", "canonical-event-paul-second-journey" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Claudius Orders Jews to Leave Rome before Paul’s Second Missionary Journey.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "slingerland-claudian-expulsion", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-second-journey-gallio-corinth", "title": "Paul’s Second Missionary Journey precedes Paul before Gallio at Corinth", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "right": "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-second-journey", "canonical-event-gallio-corinth" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Second Missionary Journey before Paul before Gallio at Corinth.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-gallio-corinth-paul-third-journey", "title": "Paul before Gallio at Corinth precedes Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "right": "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-gallio-corinth", "canonical-event-paul-third-journey" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul before Gallio at Corinth before Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-third-journey-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "title": "Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry precedes Paul Arrested in Jerusalem", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "right": "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-third-journey", "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Third Journey and Ephesian Ministry before Paul Arrested in Jerusalem.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-paul-corinth", "cambridge-acts-chronology" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-arrest-jerusalem-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "title": "Paul Arrested in Jerusalem precedes Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "right": "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-arrest-jerusalem", "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Arrested in Jerusalem before Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-caesarea-imprisonment-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "title": "Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea precedes Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "right": "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-caesarea-imprisonment", "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul Imprisoned at Caesarea before Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-voyage-shipwreck-paul-rome-imprisonment", "title": "Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck precedes Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "right": "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-voyage-shipwreck", "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s Voyage and Shipwreck before Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-acts-chronology", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-paul-rome-imprisonment-james-brother-death", "title": "Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment precedes Death of James, Brother of Jesus", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "right": "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-paul-rome-imprisonment", "canonical-event-james-brother-death" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Paul’s First Roman Imprisonment before Death of James, Brother of Jesus.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "cambridge-acts-chronology", "josephus-ant20" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-james-brother-death-neronian-persecution", "title": "Death of James, Brother of Jesus precedes The Neronian Persecution at Rome", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "right": "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-james-brother-death", "canonical-event-neronian-persecution" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Death of James, Brother of Jesus before The Neronian Persecution at Rome.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-ant20", "cambridge-paul-life", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-neronian-persecution-peter-paul-deaths", "title": "The Neronian Persecution at Rome precedes Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "right": "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-neronian-persecution", "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The Neronian Persecution at Rome before Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "met-world-empires", "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-peter-paul-deaths-first-jewish-revolt", "title": "Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul precedes The First Jewish Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "right": "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-peter-paul-deaths", "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Probable Deaths of Peter and Paul before The First Jewish Revolt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-paul-life", "cambridge-paul-writings", "met-world-empires", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-first-jewish-revolt-four-emperors-jewish-war", "title": "The First Jewish Revolt precedes Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "right": "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-first-jewish-revolt", "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places The First Jewish Revolt before Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires", "cambridge-flavian-judaea" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-four-emperors-jewish-war-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "title": "Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor precedes Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "right": "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-four-emperors-jewish-war", "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Nero Falls; Vespasian Becomes Emperor before Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "cambridge-flavian-judaea", "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70-masada-falls", "title": "Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed precedes Fall of Masada", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-masada-falls", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "right": "canonical-event-masada-falls", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-jerusalem-temple-destroyed-70", "canonical-event-masada-falls" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Jerusalem and the Second Temple Destroyed before Fall of Masada.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "josephus-war6", "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } }, { "id": "canonical-order-masada-falls-bar-kokhba-revolt", "title": "Fall of Masada precedes The Bar Kokhba Revolt", "category": "historical-tension", "severity": "major", "condition": { "all": [ { "claim": "canonical-event-masada-falls", "state": "affirmed" }, { "claim": "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt", "state": "affirmed" } ] }, "constraint": { "type": "temporal", "left": "canonical-event-masada-falls", "right": "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt", "relation": "before", "minGapDays": 1 }, "claims": [ "canonical-event-masada-falls", "canonical-event-bar-kokhba-revolt" ], "message": "The canonical project ordering places Fall of Masada before The Bar Kokhba Revolt.", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ], "authoredBy": "Canonical ingestion pipeline", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "reviewStatus": "generated-reviewable", "sourceIds": [ "bm-first-revolt", "met-world-empires-gallery", "met-world-empires" ], "provenance": { "rationale": "Generated from consecutive dated events in the canonical timeline dataset.", "introducedVersion": "15.2", "authority": "project chronology", "scope": [ "Acts and Early Christianity" ] } } ], "formalEdges": [ { "from": "terru-is-terah", "to": "abraham-call-date", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "joseph-hyksos", "to": "joseph-date-hyksos", "type": "implies" }, { "from": "exodus-early", "to": "entry-early", "type": "derives" }, { "from": "exodus-late", "to": "entry-late", "type": "derives" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "rev12-calendrical", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "tishri1-identification", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "royal-star-sequence", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "depends" }, { "from": "magi-visit-project", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "flight-project", "to": "magi-visit-project", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "return-project", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "derived-from" }, { "from": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "to": "herod-death-1", "type": "supports" }, { "from": "herod-death-1", "to": "birth-sept11-3", "type": "supports-model", "when": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1" }, { "from": "birth-sept11-3", "to": "birth-used-to-prove-herod1", "type": "enables" } ] }